柑橘类水果是世界上最重要的经济作物之一。在全球市场,柑橘皮通常被认为是副产品,但替代了水果的重要表型特征和有价值的精油来源,黄酮类化合物,类胡萝卜素,和浓度可变的酚酸。地中海盆地是柑橘本土基因型特别密集的地区,以健康食品的来源而闻名,这些基因可以是分子育种的有价值基因的集合,重点是植物抗性和品质改善。这项研究的范围是表征和比较主要的表型参数(即,剥离厚度,水果体积,和面积)以及希腊柑橘当地种质的果实果皮中生物活性化合物的水平,为了评估它们的多酚的化学多样性,volatile,和类胡萝卜素概况。靶向液相色谱方法显示橙皮苷,橘皮素,那利鲁丁,Eriocitrin,槲皮素糖苷是橙子中确定的主要多酚化合物,柠檬,还有官皮.橘皮素和那尔鲁丁的含量呈普通话>橙子>柠檬的趋势。Eriocitrin是柠檬皮的主要代谢产物,在普通话和至少橘皮中以较低的量鉴定后。对于这些柑橘特有的代谢物,监测了高的种内化学多样性,也监测了种间化学多样性。在精油含量中发现了显着的多样性,橙色在1.2%到3%之间变化,普通话为0.2%和1.4%,柠檬皮中的0.9%和1.9%。柠檬烯是所有柑橘果皮精油中的主要化合物,在橙色中,88%至93%之间,64%和93%的普通话,柠檬品种中的55%和63%。类胡萝卜素分析揭示了所研究的柑橘物种和种质之间的不同组成,β-隐黄质是最主要的代谢产物。这项大规模的代谢调查将增强柑橘皮次生代谢产物化学多样性的知识,并得到柑橘遗传资源的充足供应的支持,以进一步扩大其在未来育种计划中的开发以及在全球功能食品和制药行业的潜在应用。
Citrus fruits are among the most economically important crops in the world. In the global market, the Citrus peel is often considered a byproduct but substitutes an important phenotypic characteristic of the fruit and a valuable source of essential oils, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids with variable concentrations. The Mediterranean basin is a particularly dense area of autochthonous genotypes of Citrus that are known for being a source of healthy foods, which can be repertoires of valuable genes for molecular breeding with the focus on plant resistance and quality improvement. The scope of this study was to characterize and compare the main phenotypic parameters (i.e., peel thickness, fruit volume, and area) and levels of bioactive compounds in the peel of fruits from the local germplasm of Citrus in Greece, to assess their chemodiversity regarding their polyphenolic, volatile, and carotenoid profiles. A targeted liquid chromatographic approach revealed hesperidin, tangeretin, narirutin, eriocitrin, and quercetin glycosides as the major polyphenolic compounds identified in orange, lemon, and
mandarin peels. The content of tangeretin and narirutin followed the tendency
mandarin > orange > lemon. Eriocitrin was a predominant metabolite of lemon peel, following its identification in lower amounts in
mandarin and at least in the orange peel. For these citrus-specific metabolites, high intra- but also interspecies chemodiversity was monitored. Significant diversity was found in the essential oil content, which varied between 1.2 and 3% in orange, 0.2 and 1.4% in
mandarin, and 0.9 and 1.9% in lemon peel. Limonene was the predominant compound in all Citrus species peel essential oils, ranging between 88 and 93% among the orange, 64 and 93% in
mandarin, and 55 and 63% in lemon cultivars. Carotenoid analysis revealed different compositions among the Citrus species and accessions studied, with β-cryptoxanthin being the most predominant metabolite. This large-scale metabolic investigation will enhance the knowledge of Citrus peel secondary metabolite chemodiversity supported by the ample availability of Citrus genetic resources to further expand their exploitation in future breeding programs and potential applications in the global functional food and pharmaceutical industries.