大规模生产人造玻璃质纤维(MMVF)用于隔热目的。在1980年代和1990年代对纤维效应进行了广泛的研究之后,对MMVF的组成进行了修改,通过降低生物持久性来降低纤维化和致癌潜能.然而,通过处理职业风险,申请,处置现代MMVF可能被低估为传统的监管分类组合组合构成,体内清除和效果-似乎完全基于去除粘合剂后的MMVF。
在这里,我们报告了来自德国的23种现代MMVF的氧化物组成,芬兰,英国,丹麦,俄罗斯,中国(五个不同的生产国)和一个1995年前的MMVF。我们发现,大多数被研究的现代MMVF可以归类为“高铝,低硅羊毛“,但有几个已经达到或超出了“1995年前的岩石(石头)羊毛”的界限。然后,我们在有或没有粘合剂的情况下,在pH4.5和pH7.4下使用了完善的流通溶解测试。在各种流速下,在32天内筛选14MMVF的生物溶解度。在报告的流速和酸性pH下,发现参考生物持久性MMVF21(不含粘合剂)的溶解速率为47ng/cm2/h,我们发现现代MMVF的速率为17至90ng/cm2/h,这是贸易中的惯例(使用粘合剂)。去除粘合剂会显著加速溶解,但未达到参考生物可溶性MMVF34的水平。最后,我们模拟了MMVF的处理或处置,并测量了气溶胶中的尺寸分数。现代MMVF的可吸入分数很低,但不低于1995年之前的MMVF。
现代岩棉MMVF的平均组成与历史上的生物持久性MMVF不同,但程度低于预期。通过非生物方法测量的溶解速率表明粘合剂通过凝胶形成对溶解具有显著影响。考虑到可吸入纤维的含量,这些发现暗示,现代岩棉的风险评估可能需要根据市场上的MMFV(使用粘合剂)的体内研究进行重新评估.
Man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) are produced on a large scale for thermal insulation purposes. After extensive studies of fibre effects in the 1980ies and 1990ies, the composition of MMVF was modified to reduce the fibrotic and cancerogenic potential via reduced biopersistence. However, occupational risks by handling, applying, disposing modern MMVF may be underestimated as the conventional regulatory classification -combining composition, in-vivo clearance and effects- seems to be based entirely on MMVF after removal of the binder.
Here we report the oxide composition of 23 modern MMVF from Germany, Finland, UK, Denmark, Russia, China (five different producers) and one pre-1995 MMVF. We find that most of the investigated modern MMVF can be classified as \"High-alumina, low-silica wool\", but several were on or beyond the borderline to \"pre-1995 Rock (Stone) wool\". We then used well-established flow-through dissolution testing at pH 4.5 and pH 7.4, with and without binder, at various flow rates, to screen the biosolubility of 14 MMVF over 32 days. At the flow rate and acidic pH of reports that found 47 ng/cm2/h dissolution rate for reference biopersistent MMVF21 (without binder), we find rates from 17 to 90 ng/cm2/h for modern MMVF as customary in trade (with binder). Removing the binder accelerates the dissolution significantly, but not to the level of reference biosoluble MMVF34. We finally simulated handling or disposing of MMVF and measured size fractions in the aerosol. The respirable fraction of modern MMVF is low, but not less than pre-1995 MMVF.
The average composition of modern stone wool MMVF is different from historic biopersistent MMVF, but to a lesser extent than expected. The dissolution rates measured by abiotic methods indicate that the binder has a significant influence on dissolution via gel formation. Considering the content of respirable fibres, these findings imply that the risk assessment of modern stone wool may need to be revisited based on in-vivo studies of MMFV as marketed (with binder).