BACKGROUND: Breast cancer stands as a leading contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Progressing Research and Medical Innovations Elevate Treatment Choices and Results for Breast Cancer. Among these, Peimine, a natural steroid inherent in plants, notably within the Fritillaria species, demonstrates the capability to trigger apoptosis in breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial membrane permeation pathway. Nevertheless, its impact on an appropriate cancer model remains an area necessitating further exploration.
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the in vivo anticancer effects of peimine on MRMT-1 Cell-line induced breast cancer in rats.
METHODS: Cancer was induced by the administration of MRMT-1 (6 x 106 cells) cells in the mammary pads of SD rats. The daily drug treatmentcommenced on day 14 and continued till 39 days. Peimine was administered in two doses (0.24 mg/kg and 0.48 mg/kg p.o) to examine its efficacy in curing breast cancer while tamoxifen was used as standard.
RESULTS: A reduction in tumour size was observed in the peimine-treated groups. Peimine can correct the changed blood cell count in addition to its anti-tumour activity. In peimine-treated rats, imbalanced immune marker IgE, serum oxidative marker, and tissue apoptotic markers like cytochrome c and calcium level were shown to be restored significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that quinine has beneficial effects as an anti-neoplastic medication for breast cancer, most likely through its apoptotic activity. More research is necessary to thoroughly understand their mechanisms of action, ideal dose, and potential side effects.

Escape from apoptosis is one of the main demeanor characteristics of cancer cells. Mitochondria are key players in initiating and regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Hexokinase2 (HK2) is ubiquitously expressed in several cancer cells and is essential for cell survival and death. The binding of HK2 to mitochondria promotes cell proliferation, while AKT-1 mediated pathway is crucial in this process. Peimine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from plant steroids, is screened for docking properties, ADMET properties, and drug-likeness. Apoptosis targets are predicted by network pharmacology using 47 genes associated with apoptosis. According to in silico study, peimine has the potential for dual Targeting on HK2 and AKT1. For further confirmation, peimine was subjected to Cell culture studies using MRMT-1 rat breast cancer cells. The elevated levels of cytochrome c and Caspase 9 activity indicate that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway causes cell death. The decreased glucose uptake by the MRMT-1 cells indicates that pimine inhibits glucose transport by inhibiting the membrane HK2.