背景:虱子苍蝇(双翅目,河马科)是鸟类和哺乳动物的重要吸血寄生虫,分布在世界各地。我们研究的目的是从匈牙利多个地点的鸟类中收集虱子蝇,并评估鸟类特征对虱子蝇与寄主关系的影响。
方法:在2015年至2022年之间,从匈牙利多个地点的鸟类中收集了237只虱。通过形态学和分子方法将虱蝇鉴定到物种水平。分析了虱蝇的种类及其季节动态。
结果:确定了6种虱子蝇:鸟蝇,鸟肉fringillina,鸟宫,鸟巢绿虫,Turdi鸟猴和laticornis鸟猴。统计分析结果表明,栖息地,鸟类的迁徙习惯和觅食场所对其作为O.Aupularia宿主的可能作用有重大影响,弗林吉利娜和图尔迪。对禽虱蝇的时间分布的分析显示出根据物种不同的季节模式。系统发育分析强调,O.turdi与鸟氨酸亚科的其他成员分开聚集,因此没有形成单系群。
结论:这项研究是迄今为止欧洲最长的连续嗜鸟虱蝇物种收集之一。鸟类的特征被证明会影响虱虫的侵染。据我们所知,这是欧洲关于O.laticornis的第一份报告。这种非洲虱子在欧洲生存的能力,正如本研究所证明的那样,可能是其未来成立的迹象。我们的发现,根据以前的报告,还指出,应该对鸟氨酸亚科进行分类学修订。
BACKGROUND: Louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are important blood-sucking parasites of birds and mammals with a worldwide distribution. The aim of our study was to collect louse flies from birds across multiple sites in Hungary and evaluate the effects of avian traits on louse fly-host relationships.
METHODS: Between 2015 and 2022, 237 louse flies were collected from birds at multiple locations in Hungary. The louse flies were identified to species level by morphological and molecular methods. Louse fly species and their seasonal dynamics were analyzed.
RESULTS: Six louse fly species were identified: Ornithomya avicularia, Ornithomya fringillina, Ornithomya biloba, Ornithomya chloropus, Ornithoica turdi and Ornithoctona laticornis. Results of statistical analyses indicated that habitat, migration habits and the feeding places of birds have significant effects on their possible role as hosts of O. avicularia, O. fringillina and O. turdi. Analysis of the temporal distribution of avian louse flies showed different seasonal patterns according to species. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted that O. turdi clustered separately from other members of the subfamily Ornithomyinae which thus did not form a monophyletic group.
CONCLUSIONS: This study presents one of the longest continuous collections of ornithophilic louse fly species in Europe so far. Avian traits were shown to influence louse-fly infestation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on O. laticornis in Europe. The ability of this African louse fly species to survive in Europe, as demonstrated in the present study, may be an indication of its future establishment. Our findings, in accordance with previous reports, also indicated that the subfamily Ornithomyinae should be taxonomically revised.