背景:急性COVID期间的治疗是否能对长期COVID发病率产生保护作用尚不清楚。
目的:评估抗病毒药物急性COVID治疗之间的关系,皮质类固醇,单克隆抗体(mAb)和长期COVID发病率,以及它们对不同人群和个体症状的影响。
方法:直到2024年1月29日在PubMed进行了搜索,Medline,WebofScience,和Embase。
方法:报道急性COVID后COVID长期发病率的文章,随访至少30天,无语言限制。
方法:有COVID-19诊断史的患者。
方法:接受抗病毒药物治疗的患者,皮质类固醇或单克隆抗体。
■质量评估基于纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表,ROBINS-I和Cochrane偏差工具的风险。
■记录每个研究的基本特征。随机森林模型和元回归用于评估治疗与长期COVID之间的相关性。
结果:我们的搜索确定了2363条记录,其中32项纳入定性综合,25项纳入荟萃分析。来自14篇研究急性COVID抗病毒治疗的论文的效果大小得出结论,其对长期COVID的保护功效(OR0.61,95%CI:0.48-0.79,p=0.0002);然而,皮质类固醇(OR1.57,95%CI:0.80-3.09,p=0.1913)和mAb治疗(OR0.94,95%CI:0.56-1.56,p=0.8012)未产生这种效果.随后的亚组分析显示,抗病毒药物在老年人中提供了更强的保护,男性,未接种疫苗和非糖尿病人群。此外,抗病毒药物有效地减少了22例分析的长期COVID症状中的8例。
结论:我们的荟萃分析确定,抗病毒药物降低了人群的长期covid发病率,因此应推荐用于急性COVID治疗。单克隆抗体治疗与长期COVID之间没有关系,但应进行研究以阐明急性COVID皮质类固醇对COVID急性期的潜在有害影响。
BACKGROUND: Whether treatment during acute COVID results in protective efficacy against long COVID incidence remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between acute COVID treatments of antivirals, corticosteroids, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and long COVID incidence, and their effects in different populations and individual symptoms.
METHODS: Searches were conducted up to Jan 29, 2024 in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase.
METHODS: Articles that reported long COVID incidence post-acute COVID with a follow-up of at least 30 days with no language restrictions.
METHODS: Patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis history.
METHODS: Patients treated with antivirals, corticosteroids or mAbs.
UNASSIGNED: Quality assessment was based on Newcastle-Ottawa scale, ROBINS-I and Cochrane risk of bias tool.
UNASSIGNED: Basic characteristics were documented for each study. Random forest model and meta-regression was used to evaluate correlation between treatments and long COVID.
RESULTS: Our search identified 2363 records, 32 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis and 25 included into the meta-analysis. Effect size from 14 papers investigating acute COVID antiviral treatment concluded its protective efficacy against long COVID (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.79, p = 0.0002); however, corticosteroid (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 0.80-3.09, p = 0.1913) and mAbs treatments (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.56-1.56, p = 0.8012) did not generate such effect. Subsequent subgroup analysis revealed that antivirals provided stronger protection in the aged, male, unvaccinated and non-diabetic populations. Furthermore, antivirals effectively reduced eight out of the twenty-two analyzed long COVID symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis determined that antivirals reduced long covid incidence across populations and should thus be recommended for acute COVID treatment. There was no relationship between mAbs treatment and long COVID, but studies should be conducted to clarify acute COVID corticosteroids\' potential harmful effects on the post-acute phase of COVID.