PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Cytokines, chemokines, and interferons are released in response to viral infection with the ultimate aim of viral clearance. However, in SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an imbalanced immune response, with raised cytokine levels but only a limited interferon response with inefficient viral clearance. Furthermore, the inflammatory response can be exaggerated, which risks both acute and chronic sequelae. Several observational studies have suggested a reduced risk of progression to severe COVID-19 in subjects with a higher omega-3 index. However, randomized studies of omega-3 supplementation have failed to replicate this benefit. Omega-3 fats provide important anti-inflammatory effects; however, fatty fish contains many other fatty acids that provide health benefits distinct from omega-3. Therefore, the immune health benefit of whole salmon oil (SO) was assessed in adults with mild to moderate COVID-19. Eleven subjects were randomized to best supportive care (BSC) with or without a full spectrum, enzymatically liberated SO, dosed at 4g daily, for twenty-eight days. Nasal swabs were taken to measure the change in gene expression of markers of immune response and showed that the SO provided both broad inflammation-resolving effects and improved interferon response. The results also suggest improved lung barrier function and enhanced immune memory, although the clinical relevance needs to be assessed in longer-duration studies. In conclusion, the salmon oil was well tolerated and provided broad inflammation-resolving effects, indicating a potential to enhance immune health.
摘要：
细胞因子,趋化因子,和干扰素响应于病毒感染而释放，最终目的是清除病毒。然而,在SARS-CoV-2感染中，有不平衡的免疫反应，细胞因子水平升高，但干扰素反应有限，病毒清除效率低下。此外，炎症反应可能被夸大了，有急性和慢性后遗症的风险。几项观察性研究表明，ω-3指数较高的受试者进展为严重COVID-19的风险降低。然而,补充omega-3的随机研究未能复制这一益处.Omega-3脂肪提供重要的抗炎作用;然而，脂肪鱼含有许多其他脂肪酸，提供不同于omega-3的健康益处。因此,在轻度至中度COVID-19的成年人中评估了全鲑鱼油（SO）的免疫健康益处。11名受试者被随机分配到最佳支持治疗（BSC），有或没有全谱，酶促释放的SO，每天服用4g，二十八天。使用鼻拭子来测量免疫反应标志物的基因表达的变化，并显示SO提供了广泛的炎症解决作用和改善的干扰素反应。结果还表明改善了肺屏障功能，增强了免疫记忆，尽管临床相关性需要在持续时间较长的研究中进行评估.总之,鲑鱼油耐受性良好，并提供广泛的炎症缓解作用，表明有可能增强免疫健康。
