结论:在设拉子周围的地衣和苔藓中测定了微塑料(MPs)和微橡胶(MRS)。在地衣里,MP主要是高达1MPg-1的细纤维;MR<0.1MPg-1。在苔藓中,丰度相似,但比例更大,非纤维颗粒。随着与设拉子的距离和海拔的增加,较大的MP和MR数量减少。设拉子周围,常见的苔藓,格林米娅·克里蒂娜,将是最合适的生物监测者。地衣和苔藓已被用作大气颗粒污染物的生物监测器,比如金属和工业固体,几十年来。这里,我们评估了九种地壳和叶状地衣和一种分布广泛的苔藓(Grimmiacritina)作为空气中的微塑料(MPs)和微橡胶(MRS)的生物监测者的潜力。在设拉子市附近的不同海拔剖面上采样了约200种地衣和40种苔藓,伊朗西南部,样品过氧化后,对MP和MR进行定量和表征。在大多数地衣物种中,MP和MR的总体丰度分别为<1g-1和<0.1g-1,大多数塑料是直径<10µm,长度<1000µm的纤维。在G.critina中,国会议员和MR的体重正常化丰度相似,但MPs中较大(>1000µm)和非纤维颗粒的比例更大。在地衣和苔藓中,在与设拉子最接近且海拔相同的位置,与较远和较高的位置相比,有更多的较大议员和MR,表明颗粒大小和行进距离之间的反比关系。在地衣中,Acarospora属的成员,以它们的色泽形式,似乎是国会议员和MR最合适的生物监测者。总的来说,然而,苔藓的广泛分布,G.Crinita,以及它拦截和积累更广泛大小和形状的MP和MR的能力使这个物种成为更好的选择,至少在所研究的环境类型中。
CONCLUSIONS: Microplastics (MPs) and microrubbers (MRs) determined in
lichens and mosses around Shiraz. In
lichens, MPs mainly thin fibres up to 1 MP g-1; MRs were < 0.1 MP g-1. In mosses, abundances were similar but with a greater fraction of larger, non-fibrous particles. Larger MPs and MRs decreased in abundance with distance and elevation from Shiraz. Around Shiraz, the common moss, Grimmia critina, would be the most suitable biomonitor.
Lichens and mosses have been employed as biomonitors of atmospheric particulate pollutants, like metals and industrial solids, for many decades. Here, we evaluated the potential of nine species of crustose and foliose lichens and a widely distributed moss (Grimmia critina) to act as biomonitors of airborne microplastics (MPs) and microrubbers (MRs). About 200
lichens and 40 mosses were sampled across different altitudinal transects in the vicinity of Shiraz City, southwest Iran, and MPs and MRs were quantified and characterised after sample peroxidation. In most species of lichen, MP and MR abundance overall was < 1 g-1 and < 0.1 g-1, respectively, and the majority of plastics were fibres of < 10 µm in diameter and < 1000 µm in length. Respective weight normalised abundances of MPs and MRs were similar in G. critina, but there were greater proportions of both larger (> 1000 µm) and non-fibrous particles among the MPs. In both lichens and moss, there was a greater number of larger MPs and MRs at locations closest to and at the same elevation as Shiraz than at more distant and elevated locations, suggesting an inverse relationship between particle size and distance travelled. Among the
lichens, members of the genus Acarospora, with their areolated form, appeared to act as the most suitable biomonitors for MPs and MRs. Overall, however, the wide distribution of the moss, G. crinita, and its ability to intercept and accumulate a broader range of sizes and shapes of MPs and MRs make this species a better choice, at least in the type of environment studied.