PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The primary purpose of the study, as part of the planned conservation work, was to uncover all aspects of autochthonous biofilm pertaining to the formation of numerous deterioration symptoms occurring on the limestone Rožanec Mithraeum monument in Slovenia. Using state-of-the-art sequencing technologies combining mycobiome data with observations made via numerous light and spectroscopic (FTIR and Raman) microscopy analyses pointed out to epilithic lichen Gyalecta jenensis and its photobiont, carotenoid-rich Trentepohlia aurea, as the origin of salmon-hued pigmented alterations of limestone surface. Furthermore, the development of the main deterioration symptom on the monument, i.e., biopitting, was instigated by the formation of typical endolithic thalli and ascomata of representative Verrucariaceae family (Verrucaria sp.) in conjunction with the oxalic acid-mediated dissolution of limestone. The domination of lichenized fungi, as the main deterioration agents, both on the relief and surrounding limestone, was additionally supported by the high relative abundance of lichenized and symbiotroph groups in FUNGuild analysis. Obtained results not only upgraded knowledge of this frequently occurring but often overlooked group of extremophilic stone heritage deteriogens but also provided a necessary groundwork for the development of efficient biocontrol formulation applicable in situ for the preservation of similarly affected limestone monuments.
摘要：
这项研究的主要目的，作为计划保护工作的一部分,是为了揭示本土生物膜的各个方面，这些生物膜与在斯洛文尼亚的石灰石RoanecMithraeum纪念碑上发生的许多恶化症状的形成有关。使用最先进的测序技术，将真菌生物组数据与通过大量光和光谱（FTIR和拉曼）显微镜分析进行的观察相结合，指出了上皮性地衣Gyalectajenensis及其光生物，富含类胡萝卜素的Trentepohliaaurea，作为石灰岩表面鲑鱼色色素变化的起源。此外，纪念碑上主要恶化症状的发展，即，活检,是由代表性的疣科科（Verrucariasp。)与草酸介导的石灰石溶解相结合。苔藓真菌的统治，作为主要的变质剂，在浮雕和周围的石灰石上，此外，在FUNGuild分析中，苔藓化和共生生物组的相对丰度较高。获得的结果不仅提高了人们对这种经常发生但经常被忽视的极端性石头遗产变质剂的认识，而且为开发适用于原位保存类似受影响的石灰石古迹的有效生物防治制剂提供了必要的基础。
