Justice

司法
  • 文章类型: Letter
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    技术设计通常植根于虚弱衰老身体的缺陷想象,很少考虑老年人日常生活的社会性,由复杂的社会塑造,政治,历史文化力量。虽然共同设计方法在某种程度上支持了老年人的参与,很少有人关注设计过程如何响应老年人的日常生活中超过人类的生活物质。更一般地说,还需要与塑造共同设计的政治和实践的比人类更深刻的道德参与。作为回应,这篇文章勾勒出了一个女权主义的后人类实践——全面的共同设计,将其根植于我们的工作中,与生活在多个不平等轴线上的老年人共同设计数字文化体验。借鉴后人类女权主义的彻底解构和重建承诺,讨论暂时提出了三个相互关联的小心-全面共同设计线程。这些线程探索了我们在“厚礼物”中设计的尝试,老年人日常生活中的地面设计,并在集体设计中协商充分(重新)安排。线程需要对扩展时间尺度和结构不公正的反应能力,以及老年人的位置知识和多感官生活世界。设计被理解为专注实验和调整的紧急过程,以找到合适的身体布置,知识,技术,情感,语言,设计网站和对象。我们专注于特定的实践,在我们谈判我们的全面关怀实践时出现的紧张和挑战。
    Gerontechnology design is often rooted in deficit imaginaries of frail ageing bodies, with little consideration given to the sociomateriality of older adults\' everyday lives, as shaped by complex social, political, historical and cultural forces. While co-design approaches have gone some way in supporting the participation of older adults, little attention has been given to how design processes can be responsive to the more-than-human lived materialities of older adults\' everyday lives. More generally, there is also a need for deeper ethical engagement with the more-than-human assemblages that shape the politics and practices of co-design. In response, this article sketches out a feminist posthuman praxis of care-full co-design, grounding it in our work co-designing digital cultural experiences with older adults who live along multiple axes of inequality. Drawing on the radically deconstructive and reconstructive commitments of posthuman feminism, the discussion tentatively presents three interconnected threads of care-full co-design. These threads explore our attempts to design in the \'thick present\', ground design in older adults\' more-than-human everyday lives, and negotiate care-full (re)arrangements in the collective doing of design. The threads call for response-ability to expansive timescales and structural injustices, and to the situated knowledges and multi-sensual lifeworlds of older adults. Design is understood as an emergent process of attentive experimentation and adjustment in a bid to find a suitable arrangement of bodies, knowledges, technologies, emotions, languages, design sites and objects. We focus on particular practice-ings, tensions and challenges that emerged as we negotiated our care-full praxis.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在美容皮肤病学的发展中,患者对程序的需求有所增加。这已经被加油了,在某种程度上,通过社交媒体和化妆品增强的日益正常化;然而,这导致一些患者有潜在的不切实际的期望,对皮肤科医生施加不适当的压力,以满足这些通常无法实现的要求。被视为困难的患者进一步加剧了这种压力,要求,耗时,可能需要广泛的咨询。医生可以采用动态或差别定价策略来抵消这些患者所需的额外时间和精力。我们讨论了围绕化妆品领域这些定价策略的道德问题,强调定价透明度的重要性,并提供建议,以促进化妆品皮肤病学实践的清晰度和公平性。
    Patient demand for procedures has increased in the evolving landscape of cosmetic dermatology. This has been fueled, in part, by social media and the growing normalization of cosmetic enhancements; however, this has led some patients to have potentially unrealistic expectations, placing undue pressure on dermatologists to meet these often unrealizable demands. This pressure is further exacerbated by patients who are seen as difficult, demanding, and time-consuming and who may require extensive counseling. Physicians may adopt dynamic or differential pricing strategies to offset the additional time and effort these patients require. We discuss the ethical concerns surrounding these pricing strategies in the cosmetic sphere, highlight the importance of transparency in pricing, and offer suggestions to promote clarity and fairness in cosmetic dermatology practices.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在内布拉斯加州医学中心大学药学院,一个纵向项目正在进行中,以评估学院在维护正义方面的运作方式,Equity,多样性,和包容性(JEDI)在该机构的最前沿。这项研究旨在展示学院内的卓越领域,并作为一项质量改进活动,以显示该机构需要改进的潜在领域。也启动了此过程,因为此类评估可能很快成为药学学院获得全面认证的要求。在分析了JEDI的正义部分以及建议进行探索和讨论的32个与正义相关的想法之后,并在术语表示下进一步细分,课程和教育,政策和程序,支持和资源,和大学氛围,发现了有用的数据。总的来说,找到的代表信息,政策和程序,大学氛围很难量化,因为大部分信息都是主观的;然而,这不会自动降低这些信息的有用性。与课程和教育有关的信息更可量化,但代表性可能不足。通过确定学院为教师提供的现成支持,可以分析与资源有关的信息,工作人员,和学生。在识别这些资源时,学院能够注意到任何需要实施的缺失支持,以确保正义得到维持。这个纵向的过程不仅让学院看到他们茁壮成长的地方,但它也突出了学院的任何缺点,同时为机构提供信息,以激发创新的想法,以加强和进一步促进正义。
    At the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, a longitudinal project is underway to assess how the college is functioning in terms of keeping Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) at the forefront of the institution. This study is intended to showcase areas of excellence within the college and as a quality improvement exercise to show the institution potential areas in need of improvement. This process was also initiated because such assessments may soon become a requirement for colleges of pharmacy to earn full accreditation. Upon analyzing the Justice component of JEDI and the 32 justice-related ideas that were recommended for exploration and discussion, and further sub-categorized under the terms representation, curriculum and education, policies and procedures, support and resources, and college climate, useful data were discovered. Overall, the information found on representation, policy and procedure, and college climate was difficult to quantify as much of the information was subjective; however, this does not automatically discount this information from being useful. Information relating to curriculum and education was more quantifiable but may be underrepresented. Analyzing information found relating to resources was made possible by identifying readily available support offered at the college for faculty, staff, and students. In identifying these resources, the college was able to take note of any missing support that needed to be implemented to ensure justice was being maintained. This longitudinal process not only allows the college to see areas where they thrive, but it also highlights any shortcomings of the college while providing the institution with information to spark innovative ideas to strengthen and further promote justice.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本文从生物伦理学的角度研究了再生医学干预措施包容性设计的条件,以再生瓣膜植入物为展示。方法:将价值层次结构解释为将正义的价值转化为规范和设计要求,以进行再生瓣膜植入物的包容性设计。结果:提出了三个规范,并将其转化为设计要求:应设计再生瓣膜植入物,以促进所有潜在用户享有平等的健康机会;应表现出对所有潜在用户的平等尊重;并且应将植入物设计为每个有需要的人都可以使用。结论:规范和设计要求有助于设计合适的再生瓣膜植入物,尊重和提供给每个有需要的人。
    再生医学领域的科学家正在开发一种新型的心脏瓣膜植入物。植入后,合成植入物慢慢分解,被新的活心脏瓣膜取代。这些所谓的再生植入物有望完全治愈。然而,他们也提出了伦理问题。例如,与正义和包容有关的问题。在本文中,我们探索如何将再生植入物设计为包容性的,意思是合适的,尊重和提供给每个人。我们认为,再生植入物的设计应适应用户之间的相关差异。植入物在短期和长期内都应该负担得起。植入物应适合在全球范围内使用。植入物应该由不同年龄的团队设计,性别和种族。用户应该参与设计。而且,向研究人员和用户传达有关植入物的信息应该具有包容性。总的来说,本文为研究人员和临床医生开发再生植入物提供伦理指导.
    Aim: This paper investigates the conditions for inclusive design of regenerative medicine interventions from a bioethical perspective, taking regenerative valve implants as a showcase.Methods: A value hierarchy is construed to translate the value of justice into norms and design requirements for inclusive design of regenerative valve implants.Results: Three norms are proposed and translated into design requirements: regenerative valve implants should be designed to promote equal opportunity to good health for all potential users; equal respect for all potential users should be shown; and the implants should be designed to be accessible to everyone in need.Conclusion: The norms and design requirements help to design regenerative valve implants that are appropriate, respectful and available for everyone in need.
    Scientists in the field of regenerative medicine are developing a new type of heart valve implant. After implantation, the synthetic implant slowly breaks down and is replaced by a new living heart valve. These so-called regenerative implants promise a complete cure. However, they also raise ethical questions. For example, questions related to justice and inclusion. In this paper, we explore how regenerative implants can be designed to be inclusive, meaning suitable, respectful and available for everyone. We argue that the design of regenerative implants should be adapted to relevant differences between users. The implants should be affordable in the short and long term. The implants should be suitable for use worldwide. The implants should be designed by teams of diverse age, gender and ethnicity. Users should be engaged in the design. And the communication about the implants to researchers and users should be inclusive. Overall, this paper provides ethical guidance to researchers and clinicians developing regenerative implants.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管青年-成人伙伴关系(Y-AP)与广泛的积极青年和社区成果联系在一起,在种族化的社会控制空间(如青年住宅设施)中发生Y-AP的可能性仍然未知。植根于社会正义和基于权利的精神,Y-AP代表了青年参与的创新概念和实践模型,挑战了长期控制模式,这些模式是这些环境中成人与青年关系的特征。本研究使用叙事主题调查和反故事讲述来研究在青年住宅设施中反黑人种族主义的背景下,Y-AP制定的一线青年护理人员的叙述(N=21)。工人的叙述包括加强和减少伙伴关系形式的实例,Y-AP减少的解释描绘了种族主义(反黑人)意识形态和组织过程的相互作用,包括招聘实践中的选择性种族认知,色彩回避和精英训练,种族化的责任转移。重要的是,工人的叙述表明,尽管蓬勃发展的Y-AP仍然难以捉摸,在这些极端情况下,Y-AP不能实现青年发展和社会变革,这并不是一个必然的结论。
    Although youth-adult partnerships (Y-APs) have been linked to a wide range of positive youth and community outcomes, the possibility of Y-AP occurrence in spaces of racialized social control such as youth residential facilities remains unknown. Rooted in a social justice and rights-based ethos, Y-APs represent an innovative conceptual and practice model of youth engagement that challenges longstanding patterns of control that characterize adult-youth relationships in these settings. This study uses narrative thematic inquiry and counter storytelling to examine frontline youth care workers\' narratives (N = 21) of Y-AP enactment against the backdrop of anti-Black racism in youth residential facilities. Workers\' narratives include instances of both enhanced and diminished forms of partnership, and explanations for Y-AP diminishment depict an interplay of racist (anti-Black) ideologies and organizational processes, including selective racial cognizance in hiring practices, color-evasive and elitist training, and racialized blame-shifting. Importantly, workers\' narratives suggest that although flourishing Y-APs remain elusive, it is not a foregone conclusion that Y-APs cannot occur to realize youth development and social change in these extreme contexts.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    与其他人相比,有沟通障碍的个人在获得平等的司法机会方面遇到障碍。尽管经历了广泛的暴力和虐待,它们是通过法律制度寻求补救的挑战。一个障碍是法律从业人员缺乏对适当便利的认识,这将有助于沟通障碍个人有效参与法庭。
    这项研究探讨了最后一年的法律学生对沟通障碍个人可获得的法院住宿的认识,允许他们在南非法庭作证.这些发现可以为扩展法律专业学生的当前课程提供启发。
    这项定性研究使用了改进的六步名义分组技术,参与者(通过滚雪球采样确定的六名法律学生)产生,讨论并就沟通障碍个人所需的便利达成共识,使他们能够在法庭上提供证词。采用专题分析原则对数据进行分析。
    研究发现,尽管参与者没有收到任何关于残疾权利的指导,在本科阶段的法律培训期间获得司法或法院便利,他们能够感知和了解四种主要类型的法院便利,以使他们能够作证。
    最后一年的法律学生知道法院的住宿,尽管没有收到残疾法的正式指导。
    建议在本科阶段纳入残疾权利和法院便利,以确保在实践中,律师有确保沟通障碍人士诉诸司法的知识。
    UNASSIGNED: Individuals with communication disabilities encounter obstacles in attaining equal access to justice compared to others. Despite experiencing widespread violence and abuse, they come across as challenges in seeking remedies through the legal system. One barrier is the lack of awareness among legal practitioners regarding suitable accommodations that would facilitate effective participation in court for individuals with communication disabilities.
    UNASSIGNED: This study explores the awareness of final-year law students concerning court accommodations available for individuals with communication disabilities, allowing them to testify in a South African court. The findings can serve as inspiration for expanding the current curriculum for law students.
    UNASSIGNED: This qualitative study used a modified six-step nominal group technique whereby participants (six law students identified through snowball sampling) generated, discussed and reached a consensus on accommodations needed by individuals with communication disabilities, enabling them to provide testimony in court. Data were analysed using thematic analysis principles.
    UNASSIGNED: The study found that although participants had not received any instruction on disability rights, access to justice or court accommodations during their legal training at the undergraduate level, they were able to perceive and learn about four main types of court accommodations for persons with communication disabilities to enable their testimony.
    UNASSIGNED: Final-year law students are aware of court accommodations despite not having received formal instruction in disability law.
    UNASSIGNED: The inclusion of disability rights and court accommodations is recommended at the undergraduate level to ensure that when in practice, lawyers have knowledge on ensuring access to justice for persons with communication disabilities.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    正义,Equity,多样性,Inclusion,和所属(JEDIB)委员会成立于2022年,以支持卫生人文联盟的多样性和包容性,并推进医学和卫生人文领域的公平和包容性最佳实践。这篇论坛论文描述了我们第一年的工作,包括参与者主导的承诺声明制作和战略规划。健康人文特定的JEDIB工作在关于残疾正义的论文中详细描述;性别,性别,性,和生殖正义;从非殖民化的角度来看,土著。作者为其他组织和机构提供了可转让的技术,特别关注医疗保健和卫生专业教育。另一篇文章分析了美国的机构和人口统计数据,表明作为一个学术项目,健康人文提供了强大的指标,显着促进学生的多样性和包容性的成功在高等教育和医学教育。论坛最后反思了加入公平和包容的工作,以及可以出现哪些新的优先事项和意识来为健康公平奖学金和认知正义提供信息。
    The Justice, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging (JEDIB) committee formed in 2022 in order to support diversity and inclusion in the Health Humanities Consortium and to advance best practices for equity and inclusion in the field of medical and health humanities. This Forum Essay describes our first year of work, including participant-led commitment statement crafting and strategic planning. Health humanities-specific JEDIB work is described in detail in essays about disability justice; gender, sex, sexuality, and reproductive justice; and Indigeneity from a decolonial standpoint. The authors offer transferable techniques for other organizations and institutions with particular attention to heath care and health professions education. Another essay analyzes US institutional and demographic data to show that as an academic program, health humanities gives robust indicators of contributing significantly to student diversity and inclusive success in higher education and medical education. The Forum closes with a reflection on joining the work of equity and inclusion and what new priorities and awareness can emerge to inform health equity scholarship and epistemic justice.
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