BACKGROUND: Qingyang is located in the northwest of China. By analyzing the current situation and risk factors of bullying in junior high schools in Qingyang City, and identify relevant data for formulating prevention and control measures of bullying in western backward areas.
METHODS: Qingyang City is divided into four regions based on economic level and population quality. One junior high school is randomly selected from each region, a total of 1200 students from 4 junior high schools of different levels in Qingyang City were randomly selected, and the \"Questionnaire on Middle School Students\' School bullying\" was administered between December 2021 and February 2022.
RESULTS: The reporting rate of bullying in junior high schools in Qingyang was 47.35%. The incidence of campus bullying among urban-rural integration junior high schools, senior students, and male students is higher than that of municipal -level junior high schools, junior students, and female students (P< 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression showed that the second grade of junior high school (OR = 1.39,95% CI: 1.022-1.894), poor student performance (OR = 1.744,95% CI: 1.09-2.743), external dissatisfaction (OR = 2.09,95% CI: 1.177-3.427), mother working in an enterprise (OR = 1.623,95% CI: 1.074-2.453), and urban-rural integration middle school (OR = 3.631,95% CI: 2.547-5.177) were factors affecting bullying in junior high school campus.
CONCLUSIONS: The reporting rate of bullying in junior high schools in Qingyang City was relatively high, mostly occurring in places lacking supervision and after-school hours.
BACKGROUND: Not applicable.

Attention and working memory are important cognitive functions that affect junior school students\' learning ability and academic performance. This study aimed to explore the relationships among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory and to explore differences in performance between a high trait mindfulness group and a low one in attention and working memory under different stressful situations. In study 1, 216 junior school students completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and their attention and working memory were tested in a non-pressure situation. The results showed that attention had a partial mediating effect between mindfulness and working memory. In study 2, the high trait mindfulness group and the low one were tested for attention and working memory under situations with single and multiple pressures. One notable result was that the attention and working memory performances of the high mindfulness group were all significantly higher than those of the low mindfulness group in every stress situation (no stress, single stress, and multiple stresses). Other important results were that trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between stress and attention and between stress and working memory. These results suggest that trait mindfulness has a protective effect in the process by which various stresses affect attention and working memory. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness is an important psychological quality that affects the attention and working memory of junior school students, and it is also an important psychological resource for effectively coping with the impact of stress on attention and working memory. Therefore, it is possible that improving trait mindfulness may help to improve junior school students\' attention and working memory and enable them to cope better with stress, thereby helping to improve academic performance. This research is of great significance for understanding the association between key psychological qualities and cognitive functions in different stressful situations. These findings also provide insight for future studies in educational psychology.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the maximal capacity of students aged 13- 15 years by graded exercise test, and establish a model to indirect predict VO2 max.
METHODS: A total of 31 school-aged students in Wuhan participated in the study. Maximal oxygen uptake was obtained from a graded maximal exercise test, the anthropometric variables including height, weight, vital capacity( VC), resting heart rate, fat mass were measured and body mass index( BMI), body fat percentage( FAT%) was calculated. The relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and anthropometric characteristics were investigated in partial correlation analysis and a linear multiple regression model was established.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in mass-relative VO_(2max)[( 48. 00± 5. 80) L / min vs( 39. 79 ± 6. 37) L / min, P < 0. 001], absolute VO_(2max)[( 2. 66 ± 0. 29)m L /( kg·min) vs( 2. 02 ± 0. 36) m L /( kg·min), P < 0. 001], pulse oxygen [( 13. 33 ±1. 28) m L / beat vs( 10. 34 ± 1. 70) m L / beat, P < 0. 001] between the boys and girls respectively. And a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between values of maximal oxygen uptake and weight, BMI, FAT% and resting heart rate( P <0. 05), while lean body mass was positive with VO_(2max)( P < 0. 05). Multiple regression analysis suggested that the best VO_(2max) predictive model of boys was VO_(2max)= 0. 856 +0. 044 × lean body mass- 0. 011 × resting heart rate + 0. 0002 × vital capacity( R =0. 903, R~2= 0. 816), and the prediction equation of girls was follows: VO_(2max)= 4. 769 +0. 044 × lean body mass- 0. 020 × resting heart rate- 0. 254 × age( R = 0. 813, R~2=0. 662).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that anthropometric characteristics might be closely related with maximal aerobic capacity and can effectively predict the maximal aerobic power.