微量元素(TEs)构成了全球最古老的新兴污染物,大多数来自自然来源,但也有一些来自人为来源。海洋哺乳动物被认为是生态系统污染的生物指标。本次审查的目的是汇编有关阿根廷水域小型鲸目动物中必需和非必需的TE发生的报告;并审查有关弗朗西斯卡纳海豚中TE浓度的现有信息,阿根廷沿海海洋生态系统的生物监测物种。我们搜索了小型鲸目动物中存在TEs水平的报告,并分析了八个物种:Pontoporiablainvillei,气管截流,Kogiabreviceps,德尔菲斯德尔菲斯,Lagenorhynchusobscurus,Lagenodelphishasei,商业头孢利克斯和齐菲。像锌这样的必需TEs,Cu,Mn,Cr,Fe,Co,Ni,Mo,Se,As,Au,Ag,Sn,和不必要的TE作为Pb,Cd,Hg,正如所考虑的。本文汇编的报告分析了肾脏,肝脏,肌肉和偶尔的大脑,皮肤,肺和脾,涵盖30年的时间范围,从1982年到2016年。数据分析,我们发现知识差距,尚不知道痕量金属浓度的小型鲸目动物物种,以及阿根廷海岸上没有分析它们的报道的地区。最新信息对应于2010年十年,在随后的出版物中,样本是当时采集的。这强调了审查这些数据的重要性,为了比较新旧数据集,创建污染时间表,并评估不同研究区域污染物的可能增加或减少。重新收集的信息将作为有价值的基线,以检测人类日益增长的未来影响,即使是自然的,南大西洋海洋生态系统的活动。
Trace elements (TEs) constitute the oldest emerging pollutants globally, most occur from natural sources, but a few are derived from anthropogenic sources. Marine mammals are considered bioindicators of ecosystem contamination. The aims of this review is compile reports on essential and nonessential TEs occurrence in small cetaceans from Argentinean waters; and to review the existing information on the concentration of TEs in the Franciscana dolphin, a biomonitor species of the Argentine coastal marine ecosystem. We searched reports where levels of TEs were present in small cetaceans from and eight species were analysed: Pontoporia blainvillei, Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, Kogia breviceps, Delphinus delphis, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, Lagenodelphis hasei, Cephaloryhchus commersonii and Ziphius cavirostris. Essential TEs like Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Se, As, Au, Ag, Sn, and nonessential TE as Pb, Cd, Hg, As was considered. The reports compiled in this article analysed kidney, liver, muscle and occasionally brain, skin, lung and spleen, covering a temporal range of 30 years, from 1982 to 2016. Of data analysis, we identify knowledge gaps, species of small cetaceans for which the concentration of trace metals is not yet known and areas on the Argentine coast where there are no reports that analyse them. The most recent information corresponds to the 2010 decade, and in those subsequent publications, the samples were taken at that time. This emphasizes the importance of reviewing this data, in order to compare old and new datasets, create contamination timelines and evaluate possible increases or decreases of contaminants in different study areas. The information recopilated will serve as valuable baselines to detect the future impact of increasing human, even natural, activities on marine ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean.