活性药物成分(API)和药物产品中杂质的存在对患者健康构成风险。这些物质与多种副作用有关,并且可能具有诱变潜力。这就是为什么有必要为这些副产品建立可接受的限制,尽量减少与药物治疗相关的风险。这项工作的重点是对与药物中杂质的存在有关的相关问题进行批判性审查。FDA的主要立法和指导方针,EMA,ICH,并对受试者的药典进行了评估,最近在Scopus搜索了与该主题相关的文章,ScienceDirect,PubMed,和WebofScience从2013年到2023年。此外,讨论了用于定量杂质的分析技术,以及评估这些副产品的毒理学和诱变风险的相关测试。最近的立法,包括ICHQ3A(R2),ICHQ3B(R2),ICHM7(R2),ICHQ3D(R2),ICHQ3C(R9),ICHQ3E,ICHQ6A,ICHM3(R2),以及FDA和EMA指南,强调了控制药品中杂质的全面有效框架。尽管如此,不同地区之间仍然缺乏统一和标准化的程序。从科学文献的回顾来看,我们观察到,分析技术的进步显着提高了检测杂质和降解产物的灵敏度和选择性。这突显了卫生机构和制药行业对确保药品的安全性和有效性的持续承诺。
The presence of
impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and drug products represents a risk to patients\' health. Such substances are related to diverse side effects and may have mutagenic potential. That\'s why it is necessary to establish acceptable limits for these by-products, to minimize the risk associated with medicinal therapy. This work focused on presenting a critical review of relevant points related to the presence of
impurities in pharmaceuticals. The main legislation and guidelines from the FDA, EMA, ICH, and Pharmacopeias about the subject were evaluated, and recent articles related to the topic were searched in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, the analytical techniques used for quantifying
impurities were discussed, along with relevant tests for assessing the toxicological and mutagenic risks of these by-products. Recent legislation, including ICH Q3A (R2), ICH Q3B (R2), ICH M7 (R2), ICH Q3D (R2), ICH Q3C (R9), ICH Q3E, ICH Q6A, ICH M3 (R2), as well as FDA and EMA guidelines, highlights a comprehensive and effective framework for controlling
impurities in pharmaceuticals. Despite this, there remains a lack of harmonization and standardized procedures across different regions. From the review of scientific literature, we observed that advancements in analytical techniques have significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity in detecting
impurities and degradation products. This underscores the ongoing commitment of health agencies and the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicinal products.