植入式电极代表了神经系统研究的突破性进展,提供记录和刺激人类神经活动的关键工具。这种能力对于解开神经系统功能的复杂性以及为各种神经系统疾病设计创新的治疗方法是不可或缺的。与常规记录和刺激神经活动方法相比,可植入电极提供明显的优点。它们提供更高的精度,更少的相关副作用,以及从不同神经来源收集数据的能力。至关重要的是,植入式电极的发展需要关键属性:灵活性,稳定性,和高分辨率。石墨烯由于其优异的性能而成为用于制造这种电极的非常有前途的材料。它拥有非凡的灵活性,确保与神经组织的复杂和轮廓表面的无缝集成。此外,石墨烯表现出低电阻,实现神经信号的有效传输。它的透明度进一步扩展了它的效用,促进与各种成像技术和光遗传学的兼容性。本文展示了值得注意的努力,利用石墨烯的纯形式和复合材料来创建和部署为神经记录和刺激量身定制的可植入设备。它强调了在这一领域取得重大进展的潜力。此外,本文探讨了精炼现有石墨烯基电极的前景,增强它们在体外和体内环境中神经记录应用的适用性。这些未来的步骤有望进一步彻底改变我们理解神经研究景观并与之互动的能力。
Implantable electrodes represent a groundbreaking advancement in nervous system research, providing a pivotal tool for recording and stimulating human neural activity. This capability is integral for unraveling the intricacies of the nervous system\'s functionality and for devising innovative treatments for various neurological disorders. Implantable electrodes offer distinct advantages compared to conventional recording and stimulating neural activity methods. They deliver heightened precision, fewer associated side effects, and the ability to gather data from diverse neural sources. Crucially, the development of implantable electrodes necessitates key attributes: flexibility, stability, and high resolution. Graphene emerges as a highly promising material for fabricating such electrodes due to its exceptional properties. It boasts remarkable flexibility, ensuring seamless integration with the complex and contoured surfaces of neural tissues. Additionally, graphene exhibits low electrical resistance, enabling efficient transmission of neural signals. Its transparency further extends its utility, facilitating compatibility with various imaging techniques and optogenetics. This paper showcases noteworthy endeavors in utilizing graphene in its pure form and as composites to create and deploy implantable devices tailored for neural recordings and stimulations. It underscores the potential for significant advancements in this field. Furthermore, this paper delves into prospective avenues for refining existing graphene-based electrodes, enhancing their suitability for neural recording applications in in vitro and in vivo settings. These future steps promise to revolutionize further our capacity to understand and interact with the neural research landscape.