■囊性包虫病(CE),由细粒棘球蚴引起的,是一种主要的人畜共患疾病,会导致大量的人类发病率和死亡率。这种世界性疾病很难诊断,请客,和控制。到目前为止,含有抗原B或抗原5的包虫囊液的粗提物已被用作其免疫诊断的主要抗原来源。主要问题是它与感染其他蠕虫的人的血清反应。目前没有标准,具体,或用于疾病诊断的敏感测试,并且没有人类疫苗的报道。
■考虑到需要有效的免疫和/或免疫诊断,六种细粒大肠杆菌抗原,抗原5,抗原B,热休克蛋白如Hsp-8和Hsp-90,磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶,和tetraspanin-1被选择。
■使用各种硅片工具,通过靶向抗原5,抗原B,预测T细胞和B细胞表位(混杂肽)。热休克蛋白如Hsp-8和Hsp-90,磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶,和tetraspanin-1.
■有12种混杂肽与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)I类重叠,二级,和构象B细胞表位。这种免疫显性肽可用作亚单位疫苗。此外,还发现了六种特异于细粒大肠杆菌的肽,这可能是诊断CE的重要标志,可能防止误诊和管理不善。
■这些表位可能是颗粒大肠杆菌中最重要的疫苗靶标,因为它们具有最混杂的肽和B细胞表位,以及对不同等位基因的最高亲和力,由对接分数确定。然而,使用体外和体内模型进行额外的研究。
UNASSIGNED: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a major zoonotic disease that causes significant human morbidity and mortality. This cosmopolitan disease is difficult to diagnose, treat, and control. So far, crude extracts of hydatid cyst fluid containing antigen B or antigen 5 have been used as the primary antigenic source for its immunodiagnosis. The main issue is that it reacts with sera from people infected with other helminths. There is currently no standard, specific, or sensitive test for disease diagnosis, and no human vaccine has been reported.
UNASSIGNED: Considering the need for efficient immunization and/or immunodiagnosis, six E. granulosus antigens, antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1, were chosen.
UNASSIGNED: Using various in silico tools, T cell and B cell epitopes (promiscuous peptides) were predicted by targeting antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1.
UNASSIGNED: There are twelve promiscuous peptides with overlapping human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I, class-II, and conformational B cell epitopes. Such immunodominant peptides could be useful as subunit vaccines. Furthermore, six peptides specific for E. granulosus were also discovered, which may prove to be important markers in the diagnosis of CE, potentially preventing misdiagnosis and mismanagement.
UNASSIGNED: These epitopes may be the most important vaccine targets in E. granulosus because they have the most promiscuous peptides and B cell epitopes, as well as the highest affinity for different alleles, as determined by docking scores. However, additional research using in vitro and in vivo models is undertaken.