OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effect of dexamethasone, ketoprofen and cold compress on the quality of life (QoL) following surgical removal of impacted lower third molars (ILTMs).
METHODS: Eligible patients requiring ILTM extraction with a modified Pederson difficulty index score of 5-6 were recruited. The patients were randomly allocated into Groups A, B and C. Groups A and C received 100 mg of ketoprofen and 8 mg of dexamethasone per-oral respectively, preoperatively. Subjects in group B applied a pre-standardized ice pack over the angle of the mandible for 6 h postoperatively. The QoL questionnaire was administered on postoperative days 1, 2 and 7.
RESULTS: In total, seventy-eight subjects completed the study: 46 (59%) were male and had a mean age of 27.8 ± 4.9 years. The groups were similar sociodemographically. The overall QoL and appearance domain score were significantly better in patients on oral dexamethasone on postoperative day 1 than in the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral dexamethasone demonstrates better improvement in postoperative QoL and appearance on day 1 following ILTM surgery compared to ice packs and ketoprofen. Although ice packs are readily available, can be used repeatedly and are a low-cost option, more research is necessary to determine their optimum therapeutic use in outpatient settings.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral dexamethasone is superior to ice pack compress and ketoprofen in improving the postoperative QoL in ILTM surgery.
UNASSIGNED: PACTR202005593102009 at Pan African Clinical Trial Registry.

To explore the analgesic effect of the ice pack combined with serratus anterior plane block after thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.
A randomized controlled trial design.
This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited patients who underwent thoracoscopic pneumonectomy in a grade A tertiary hospital from October 2021 to March 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the control group, the serratus anterior plane block group, the ice pack group, and the ice pack combined with serratus anterior plane block group. The analgesic effect was evaluated by collecting the postoperative visual analog score.
A total of 133 patients agreed to participate in this study, of which 120 patients were eventually included (n = 30/group). The primary outcome was that the pain in SAP block group, ice pack group, and ice pack combined with SAP block group decreased significantly within 24 hours compared with the control group (P < .05). Also, significant differences were noted in other secondary outcomes, such as Prince-Henry pain score within 12 hours, 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) score within 24 hours, and fever times within 24 hours. No significant difference was detected in the C-reactive protein value, white blood cell count, and the use of additional analgesics within 24 hours postoperatively (P > .05).
For patients after thoracoscopic pneumonectomy, ice pack, serratus anterior plane block, and ice pack combined with serratus anterior plane block produce better postoperative analgesic effects than intravenous analgesia. The combined group exhibited the best outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Laser hair removal is associated with moderate acute pain.
OBJECTIVE: To compare effectiveness of ice pack to topical lidocaine-prilocaine for pain reduction during axillary laser hair removal.
METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to receive topical anesthetic to one axilla and ice packs to the other before each of 3, monthly 810 nm diode laser sessions. The primary endpoint was participant-reported pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) immediately following and 5 minutes after laser session. Posttreatment erythema, overall edema, and perifollicular edema were assessed by 2 blinded photoraters. Skin temperatures, patient preferences, and adverse events were recorded.
RESULTS: Eighty-eight of 90 (98%) planned laser treatments were delivered and randomized. Participants reported higher VAS scores immediately after laser treatment with lidocaine-prilocaine compared to ice (P = .03). Five minutes after, participants reported higher VAS scores with ice (P = .03). After 53 of the 88 treatments (60.2%), participants reported preferring ice (P = .055). No serious adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: All participants were Caucasian or Asian with Fitzpatrick skin type I to III and coarse dark axillary hair, which may limit generalizability.
CONCLUSIONS: While pain control with ice and topical anesthesia is associated with time after treatment, the 2 modalities do not differ in terms of degree of pain reduction associated with axillary laser hair removal.

Measure effectiveness of a non-pharmacological approach to manage postoperative nausea (PON) by applying an ice pack to the posterior upper neck.
This was an observational quality improvement project. The sample included adults 18 years old and older who received general anesthesia (inhalation and/or intravenous), recovering in Phase I or Phase II postoperative care unit (PACU) experiencing very mild to moderate nausea. Exclusion criteria were patients who experienced severe nausea or were actively vomiting; were admitted for head or neck plastic surgery; were hypothermic (< 36.0°C); patients who refused the ice pack, or the provider stated that placing an ice pack to the patient\'s posterior upper neck was contraindicated.
Patients who experienced mild to moderate PON had an ice pack applied to the posterior upper neck as first line management. If the patient\'s nausea continued to progress or did not improve within five minutes of ice pack application the patient was offered a different non-pharmacological approach or pharmacological approach to prevent vomiting as per standards of care. Demographics were collected and patient\'s level of nausea was documented at the time of ice pack application and after five minutes.
Of the 70 patients included in this study, 61% reported ice pack application as effective in mitigating their nausea, 14% were unsure, and 24% reported not effective. There was a significant decrease in nausea between baseline (2.3 ± 0.6; range 1-3) and five minutes post application (1.5 ± 1.1; range 0-4). The within subject baseline-post change (↓0.9 ± 1.1; P < .001) reflected a decrease in nausea.
Application of an ice pack to the posterior upper neck, may effectively decrease very mild to moderate PON.

BACKGROUND: The use of evaporative coolants in the management of acute musculoskeletal injury has received increasing attention recently. However, its efficacy compared with conventional cryotherapy in treating injured human subjects remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of evaporative coolants with that of ice packs in preoperative management of edema and pain in patients with an ankle fracture.
METHODS: Sixty-three patients in need of surgical treatment for ankle fracture were randomly assigned to either an evaporative coolant group or an ice pack group. Both treatments were applied for 5 days after injury and outcomes were measured daily. The primary outcome was a reduction in edema as measured by the figure-of-eight-20 method and the secondary outcome was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.
RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed no significant group effect and no significant group-by-time interaction in terms of reduction of edema and VAS score for pain between two groups. No adverse effects were reported in either group.
CONCLUSIONS: Evaporative coolants exhibited comparable efficacy to ice packs in preoperative cryotherapy of ankle fractures without adverse effects. While evaporative coolants are more expensive than ice packs, they can present a viable option for cryotherapy.
METHODS: Level I, prospective randomized study.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of different types of cold application, including cold whirlpools, ice packs, and chemical packs. However, few have investigated the effectiveness of different types of ice used in ice packs, even though ice is one of the most common forms of cold application.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the cooling effectiveness of ice packs made with cubed, crushed, and wetted ice on intramuscular and skin surface temperatures.
METHODS: Repeated-measures counterbalanced design.
METHODS: Human performance research laboratory.
METHODS: Twelve healthy participants (6 men, 6 women) with no history of musculoskeletal disease and no known preexisting inflammatory conditions or recent orthopaedic injuries to the lower extremities.
METHODS: Ice packs made with cubed, crushed, or wetted ice were applied to a standardized area on the posterior aspect of the right gastrocnemius for 20 minutes. Each participant was given separate ice pack treatments, with at least 4 days between treatment sessions.
METHODS: Cutaneous and intramuscular (2 cm plus one-half skinfold measurement) temperatures of the right gastrocnemius were measured every 30 seconds during a 20-minute baseline period, a 20-minute treatment period, and a 120-minute recovery period.
RESULTS: Differences were observed among all treatments. Compared with the crushed-ice treatment, the cubed-ice and wetted-ice treatments produced lower surface and intramuscular temperatures. Wetted ice produced the greatest overall temperature change during treatment and recovery, and crushed ice produced the smallest change.
CONCLUSIONS: As administered in our protocol, wetted ice was superior to cubed or crushed ice at reducing surface temperatures, whereas both cubed ice and wetted ice were superior to crushed ice at reducing intramuscular temperatures.