纳米颗粒药物递送系统(Nano-DDS)已经成为抗癌药物递送障碍的可能解决方案。然而,临床结果和翻译受到几个缺点的限制,如低药物负载,药物过早泄漏和载体相关毒性。最近,纯药物纳米组件(PDNAs),通过纯药物分子的自组装或共组装制造,引起了相当大的关注。他们的简便和可重复的制备技术有助于消除纳米药物的瓶颈,包括质量控制,扩大生产和临床翻译。既是承运人又是货物,无载体的PDNA具有超高或甚至100%的载药量。此外,基于PDNA的联合疗法可能解决癌症治疗中最棘手的问题,如肿瘤转移和耐药。在本次审查中,概述了PDNA用于癌症治疗的最新进展。首先,PDNA根据药物分子的组成进行分类,并对装配机理进行了讨论。此外,总结了用于联合治疗的PDNA的共同递送,特别关注治疗结果的改善。最后,PDNA用于有效癌症治疗的未来前景和挑战受到关注。
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even 100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.