Primary disorders of neutrophil function result from impairment in neutrophil responses that are critical for host defense. This chapter summarizes inherited disorders of neutrophils that cause defects in neutrophil adhesion, migration, and oxidative killing. These include the leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, actin defects and other disorders of chemotaxis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome, neutrophil specific granule deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and myeloperoxidase deficiency. Diagnostic tests and treatment approaches are also summarized for each neutrophil disorder.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome can be encountered with hypereosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE) values, though these levels are rarely so high to be compared with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. A 9-year-old boy presented with the complaint of fatigue, weakness, weight loss and generalized pruritic rash lasting for a year. He had frequent respiratory tract infections, wheezing episodes and urticarial skin lesions before that. On admission, he was cachectic and he had generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, oral moniliasis and pruritic rash all over his body. Laboratory evaluation revealed marked lymphopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia with extremely high IgE values (IgE: 59 300 kU/l). He was diagnosed with stage 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and started on antiretroviral treatment. In conclusion, HIV infection can be presented with increased IgE values.