目的:本研究旨在探讨舌骨(HB)和咽气道间隙(PAS)的三维(3D)测量与矢状和垂直错牙合的关系。
方法:总共368次锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)扫描分为三个骨骼组(I类,II,和III)并按垂直增长模式细分(差异较大,normodivergent,和高度发散)。PAS尺寸,包括鼻咽,口咽,下咽,和总气道空间,以表面积测量,volume,最小收缩面积(MCA),长度,和宽度,使用InVivo6.0.3和Dolphin11.8软件在3D中分析HB位置和尺寸。数据采用双向方差分析,和Bonferroni事后测试,P≤0.05被认为是显著的。
结果:研究发现,骨骼III类且生长方式不足的患者舌骨的矢状位置最高,而骨骼II类和超发散型的舌骨长度最低。骨性III类患者的鼻咽气道间隙宽度明显较低,而过度发散患者的体积和面积较低。口咽和下咽尺寸也受到骨骼类别和生长模式的影响,过度发散患者的价值最低。咽部总容积,area,最小收缩区域也受到影响,其中过度发散患者的值最低,骨骼II类患者的最小收缩面积最低。
结论:咽部气道尺寸和舌骨参数随错牙合而变化。舌骨的位置影响气道,确定有气道阻塞和睡眠呼吸紊乱风险的患者。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the hyoid bone (HB) and pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in relation to sagittal and vertical malocclusion.
METHODS: A total of 368 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were classified into three skeletal groups (Class I, II, and III) and subdivided by vertical growth patterns (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent). PAS dimensions, including nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total airway spaces, were measured in surface area, volume, minimum constricted area (MCA), length, and width, HB position and dimension were analyzed in 3D using InVivo 6.0.3 and Dolphin 11.8 software. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant.
RESULTS: The study found that patients with skeletal Class III and hypodivergent growth pattern had the highest sagittal position of the hyoid bone, while those with skeletal Class II and hyperdivergent pattern had the lowest hyoid length. Nasopharyngeal airway space width was significantly lower in skeletal Class III patients, while volume and area were lower in hyperdivergent patients. Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions were also affected by skeletal class and growth pattern, with hyperdivergent patients having the lowest values. Total pharyngeal volume, area, and minimum constricted area were also affected, with hyperdivergent patients having the lowest values and skeletal Class II patients having the lowest minimum constricted area.
CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone parameters vary with malocclusions. The hyoid bone\'s position influences the airway, identifying patients at risk for airway obstruction and sleep-disordered breathing.