开发用于膜蒸馏(MD)的理想膜是最重要的。通过将纳米颗粒添加到膜的表面或表面上来提高MD的效率已经引起了科学界的相当大的关注。彻底检查具有理想特性的最先进的纳米材料支持的MD膜是至关重要的,因为它们大大提高了MD过程的效率和可靠性。这个,反过来,为实现可持续的水-能源-环境关系开辟了机会。通过将碳基纳米材料引入膜结构中,膜获得优异的分离能力,对各种饲料水的抵抗力,和更长的寿命。此外,在MD中使用碳基纳米材料已经导致改善的膜性能特征,例如增加的渗透性和减少的结垢倾向。这些纳米材料还实现了新型的膜功能,例如原位污垢降解和局部发热。因此,本文综述了不同碳基纳米材料在膜合成中的利用如何影响膜特性,特别是液体进入压力(LEP),疏水性,孔隙度,和膜渗透性,以及减少污垢,从而推进了水处理工艺的MD技术。此外,这篇综述还讨论了发展,挑战,以及从这些发现中产生的研究机会。
The development of an ideal membrane for membrane distillation (MD) is of the utmost importance. Enhancing the efficiency of MD by adding nanoparticles to or onto a membrane\'s surface has drawn considerable attention from the scientific community. It is crucial to thoroughly examine state-of-the-art nanomaterials-enabled MD membranes with desirable properties, as they greatly enhance the efficiency and reliability of the MD process. This, in turn, opens up opportunities for achieving a sustainable water-energy-environment nexus. By introducing carbon-based nanomaterials into the membrane\'s structure, the membrane gains excellent separation abilities, resistance to various feed waters, and a longer lifespan. Additionally, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials in MD has led to improved membrane performance characteristics such as increased permeability and a reduced fouling propensity. These nanomaterials have also enabled novel membrane capabilities like in situ foulant degradation and localized heat generation. Therefore, this review offers an overview of how the utilization of different carbon-based nanomaterials in membrane synthesis impacts the membrane characteristics, particularly the liquid entry pressure (LEP), hydrophobicity, porosity, and membrane permeability, as well as reduced fouling, thereby advancing the MD technology for water treatment processes. Furthermore, this review also discusses the development, challenges, and research opportunities that arise from these findings.