背景:屋尘螨(HDM)致敏可促进过敏性鼻结膜炎(AR)或过敏性哮喘(AA)的发展。作为治疗,过敏原免疫疗法(AIT)是一种有前途的方法,因为它旨在建立对过敏原的免疫耐受,从而建立长期疗效。AIT的评估已经在许多随机对照试验中进行了研究,而真实世界的证据研究很少。
方法:我们使用了来自纵向处方数据库IQVIA™LRx的数据。对2009年1月至2013年12月针对HDM的初始AIT处方数据进行了关于治疗的分析(使用脱色素聚合过敏原提取物[dSCIT]或其他过敏原[oSCIT]的皮下AIT,或舌下免疫治疗[SLIT])和治疗持续时间。将治疗组与未接受AIT的AR患者的对照组进行比较。直到2017年2月收集对症药物的数据,并比较AR和AA的进展。
结果:分析了7260名AIT处方患者和21,780名对照患者的数据。与对照组相比,AIT与AR药物摄入量显着下降相关(dSCIT:-34.0%,p<0.0001;oSCIT:-25.7%,p<0.0001;SLIT:-37.7%,p=0.0026)。在哮喘患者中,与对照组相比,SCIT与哮喘药物的显着减少相关(dSCIT:-45.2%,p<0.0001;oSCIT:-32.9%,p<0.0001)。Further,与对照组相比,接受SCIT治疗的患者出现哮喘发作的可能性显著降低(dSCITOR:0.759,p=0.0476;oSCITOR:0.815,p=0.0339).
结论:现实世界的数据分析表明,AIT,特别是通过皮下途径,减少抗AR和AA药物的需要,并可能延缓AR患者哮喘药物的发作.
BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM) sensitisation can contribute to the development of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) or allergic asthma (AA). As treatment, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a promising approach, since it aims building immunotolerance against allergens, therewith establishing long-term efficacy. The evaluation of AIT has been investigated in many randomised controlled trials, whereas few real-world evidence studies are available.
METHODS: We used data from the longitudinal prescription data base IQVIA™ LRx. Data on initial AIT prescriptions against HDM from January 2009 to December 2013 was analysed regarding treatment (subcutaneous AIT with either depigmented polymerised allergen extract [dSCIT] or other allergens [oSCIT], or sublingual immunotherapy [SLIT]) and treatment duration. Treatment groups were compared with a control group of AR patients not receiving AIT. Data on symptomatic medication was collected until February 2017 and progression of AR and AA was compared.
RESULTS: Data of 7260 patients with AIT prescriptions and of 21,780 control patients was analysed. AIT was associated with a significant decrease of AR medication intake compared with control (dSCIT: -34.0%, p < 0.0001; oSCIT: -25.7%, p < 0.0001; SLIT: -37.7%, p = 0.0026). In asthmatics, SCIT was associated with a significant decrease of asthma medication compared with control (dSCIT: -45.2%, p < 0.0001; oSCIT: -32.9%, p < 0.0001). Further, a significantly reduced likelihood for onset of asthma medication was demonstrated in patients treated with SCIT compared with controls (dSCIT OR: 0.759, p = 0.0476; oSCIT OR: 0.815, p = 0.0339).
CONCLUSIONS: Real-world data analyses indicate that AIT, particularly given via a subcutaneous route, reduces the need of medication against AR and AA and might delay the onset of asthma medication in patients with AR.