高海拔环境中的低氧水平和极端寒冷的天气需要更多的能量摄入来维持动物的体温。然而,关于藏鸡盲肠和回肠微生物群的特征以及高海拔和低海拔环境如何影响藏鸡的肠道微生物群,人们知之甚少。在本研究中,在本研究中,藏鸡(HA组,3572米,578.5Pa)及其引入的平地同行(LA组,580米,894.6Pa)在盲肠和回肠中鉴定可能有助于其宿主适应环境的细菌种类。高通量测序用于对细菌16SrRNA基因的V3至V4高变区进行测序。通过比较HA鸡和LA鸡的肠道微生物多样性,结果表明,HA组盲肠和回肠微生物多样性显著低于LA组(P<0.05)。盲肠微生物组的种群多样性和丰富度高于回肠(P<0.05)。四个厚壁门,拟杆菌,放线菌,两组以变形杆菌为主。有趣的是,四组间丰度比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HA和LA回肠中的优势细菌属于变形杆菌和厚壁菌,而在盲肠中,两组均以细菌和放线菌为主(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,孢子虫,肠球菌,乳球菌与气压密切相关,和肽梭菌和Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014与海拔有关,LA组的肠道菌群受海拔影响,而HA组受气压影响。同时,Ruminococcus-torques-group是负相关的相对丰度的类芽孢杆菌,与其他微生物呈正相关。此外,HA具有更丰富的微生物群参与能量和聚糖生物合成代谢途径,虽然LA具有更丰富的参与膜运输的微生物群,信号转导,和异源生物的生物降解和代谢。一般来说,我们的结果表明,藏鸡被引入平原后,肠道微生物的组成和多样性发生了变化。藏鸡可能通过重塑肠道菌群来适应新环境。肠道微生物可能通过增加宿主能量和聚糖生物合成来促进宿主对高海拔环境的适应。
Low oxygen levels and extremely cold weather in high-altitude environments requires more energy intake to maintain body temperature in animals. However, little is known about the characteristics of cecal and ileac microbiota in Tibetan chicken and how the high and low altitude environments affect the gut microbiota communities in Tibetan chicken. In the present study, In the present study, Tibetan chickens (Group HA, 3572 m, 578.5 Pa) and their introduced flatland counterparts (Group LA, 580 m, 894.6 Pa) in the cecum and ileum to identify the possible bacterial species that are helpful for their host in environmental adaption. High-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the V3 to V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. By comparing the gut microbial diversity of HA chicken with that of LA, the results indicated that the microbial diversity of the cecum and ileum in group HA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in group LA. The cecum microbiome maintained higher population diversity and richness than the ileum (P < 0.05). Four phyla Firmicutes, Bacterioidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were dominant in two groups. Interestingly, there were significant differences in abundance ratio among the four groups (P < 0.05). The predominant bacteria in HA and LA ileum belong to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, whereas in cecum, Bacterioidetes and Actinobacteria were predominant in both groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Sporosarcina, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus were strongly related to air pressure, and Peptoclostridium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 are related to altitude and gut microbiota of LA group was influenced by altitude, while HA group affected by air pressure. Meanwhile, the Ruminococcus-torques-group was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Paenibacillus, and positive correlated with those of other microorganisms. Furthermore, HA has higher abundance of microbiota involved in energy and glycan biosynthesis metabolism pathway, while LA has higher abundance of microbiota involved in membrane transport, signal transduction, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. Generally, our results suggested that the composition and diversity of gut microbes changed after Tibetan chickens were introduced to the plain. Tibetan chicken may adapt to new environment via reshaping the gut microbiota. Gut microbes may contribute to the host adaption to high altitude environments by increasing host energy and glycan biosynthesis.