Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The contribution of gut microbiota to human high-altitude adaptation remains inadequately understood.
METHODS: Here a comparative analysis of gut microbiota was conducted between healthy individuals living at sea level and high altitude using deep whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, to investigate the adaptive mechanisms of gut microbiota in plateau inhabitants.
RESULTS: The results showed the gut bacteriomes in high-altitude individuals exhibited greater within-sample diversity and significant alterations in both bacterial compositional and functional profiles when compared to those of sea-level individuals, indicating the potential selection of unique bacteria associated with high-altitude environments. The strain-level investigation revealed enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens and Akkermansia muciniphila in high-altitude populations. The characteristics of gut virome and gut mycobiome were also investigated. Compared to sea-level subjects, high-altitude subjects exhibited a greater diversity in their gut virome, with an increased number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) and unique annotated genes. Finally, correlation analyses revealed 819 significant correlations between 42 bacterial species and 375 vOTUs, while no significant correlations were observed between bacteria and fungi or between fungi and viruses.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings have significantly contributed to an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude geographic adaptation of the human gut microbiota.
METHODS: Here a comparative analysis of gut microbiota was conducted between healthy individuals living at sea level and high altitude using deep whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, to investigate the adaptive mechanisms of gut microbiota in plateau inhabitants.
RESULTS: The results showed the gut bacteriomes in high-altitude individuals exhibited greater within-sample diversity and significant alterations in both bacterial compositional and functional profiles when compared to those of sea-level individuals, indicating the potential selection of unique bacteria associated with high-altitude environments. The strain-level investigation revealed enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens and Akkermansia muciniphila in high-altitude populations. The characteristics of gut virome and gut mycobiome were also investigated. Compared to sea-level subjects, high-altitude subjects exhibited a greater diversity in their gut virome, with an increased number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) and unique annotated genes. Finally, correlation analyses revealed 819 significant correlations between 42 bacterial species and 375 vOTUs, while no significant correlations were observed between bacteria and fungi or between fungi and viruses.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings have significantly contributed to an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude geographic adaptation of the human gut microbiota.
摘要：
背景：肠道微生物群对人类高海拔适应的贡献仍未得到充分理解。
方法：在这里，使用深全宏基因组鸟枪测序对生活在海平面和高海拔地区的健康个体进行了肠道微生物群的比较分析，探讨高原居民肠道菌群的适应机制。
结果：结果显示，与海平面个体相比，高海拔个体的肠道细菌组表现出更大的样本内多样性和细菌组成和功能谱的显着变化。表明与高海拔环境相关的独特细菌的潜在选择。菌株水平的调查显示，高海拔人群中Collinsellaaerorofaciens和Akkermansiamuciniphila的富集。还研究了肠道病毒和肠道真菌的特征。与海平面相比，高海拔受试者的肠道病毒表现出更大的多样性，随着病毒操作分类单位（vOTU）和独特的注释基因数量的增加。最后,相关性分析显示，42种细菌和375种vOTUs之间有819个显著相关性，而细菌和真菌之间或真菌和病毒之间没有观察到显著的相关性。
结论：这些发现极大地促进了对人类肠道菌群高海拔地理适应机制的理解。
方法：在这里，使用深全宏基因组鸟枪测序对生活在海平面和高海拔地区的健康个体进行了肠道微生物群的比较分析，探讨高原居民肠道菌群的适应机制。
结果：结果显示，与海平面个体相比，高海拔个体的肠道细菌组表现出更大的样本内多样性和细菌组成和功能谱的显着变化。表明与高海拔环境相关的独特细菌的潜在选择。菌株水平的调查显示，高海拔人群中Collinsellaaerorofaciens和Akkermansiamuciniphila的富集。还研究了肠道病毒和肠道真菌的特征。与海平面相比，高海拔受试者的肠道病毒表现出更大的多样性，随着病毒操作分类单位（vOTU）和独特的注释基因数量的增加。最后,相关性分析显示，42种细菌和375种vOTUs之间有819个显著相关性，而细菌和真菌之间或真菌和病毒之间没有观察到显著的相关性。
结论：这些发现极大地促进了对人类肠道菌群高海拔地理适应机制的理解。
