来自微藻的生物活性化合物作为药物的宝贵资源已经引起了相当大的关注,功能性食品,和化妆品。在这些化合物中,光合色素和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)由于其众多有益特性而获得了越来越多的兴趣,包括抗氧化剂,抗病毒,抗菌,抗真菌,抗炎,和抗肿瘤作用。几种微藻物种已被确定为生物活性化合物的丰富来源,包括盐藻和红球菌,假单胞菌和Nitzschia,和鞭毛藻隐球菌。然而,大多数报道的微藻物种主要通过自养机制生长,导致生物活性化合物的低产量和高生产成本。因此,利用异养微藻,如嗜铬动物和Nitzschialaevis,在虾青素和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的生产中显示出显著的优势,分别。这些异养微藻在合成目标化合物方面表现出优异的能力。这篇全面的综述全面检查了微藻异养生产生物活性化合物的情况。它涵盖了关键方面,包括所涉及的代谢途径,栽培条件的影响,以及这些化合物的实际应用。该综述讨论了如何优化异养培养策略以提高生物活性化合物的产量,揭示了微藻作为高价值产品开发的宝贵资源的潜力。
Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have garnered considerable attention as valuable resources for drugs, functional foods, and cosmetics. Among these compounds, photosynthetic pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have gained increasing interest due to their numerous beneficial properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Several microalgae species have been identified as rich sources of bioactive compounds, including the Chlorophyceae Dunaliella and Haematococcus, the Bacillariophyta Phaeodactylum and Nitzschia, and the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. However, most of the reported microalgae species primarily grow through autotrophic mechanisms, resulting in low yields and high production costs of bioactive compounds. Consequently, the utilization of heterotrophic microalgae, such as Chromochloris zofingiensis and Nitzschia laevis, has shown significant advantages in the production of astaxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), respectively. These heterotrophic microalgae exhibit superior capabilities in synthesizing target compounds. This comprehensive review provides a thorough examination of the heterotrophic production of bioactive compounds by microalgae. It covers key aspects, including the metabolic pathways involved, the impact of cultivation conditions, and the practical applications of these compounds. The review discusses how heterotrophic cultivation strategies can be optimized to enhance bioactive compound yields, shedding light on the potential of microalgae as a valuable resource for high-value product development.