UNASSIGNED: Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide. Clinical presentations of glyphosate intoxication show variation, but hepatic portal venous gas(HPVG) caused by glyphosate poisoning is rarely reported. Herein, we report a rare case of ominous HPVG after ingesting glyphosate. HPVG, which used to be an ominous abdominal radiologic sign, is associated with numerous underlying abdominal pathologies, ranging from benign conditions that require no invasive treatment to potentially lethal diseases that necessitate prompt surgical intervention.
UNASSIGNED: A young woman who ingested 100 mL glyphosate 6-h prior was admitted to the emergency intensive care unit. Before admission to our hospital, the patient was administered gastric lavage treatment with 10000 mL of normal saline in the local hospital. After 14 h, her laboratory examinations showed systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, while the condition deteriorated. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed multilinear air densities in the portal vein, hepatic branches, and mesenteric vessels, intestinal obstruction, and intestinal necrosis. Septic shock and a severe abdominal infection were diagnosed. The patient was treated conservatively as they could not tolerate surgery and, after 20 h died of septic shock.
UNASSIGNED: We reviewed 289 cases of \"hepatic portal venous gas\" in PUBMED and analyzed the etiology and treatment of HPVG accompanied by the underlying pathology. We concluded that HPVG is a radiological sign associated with various diseases, and the prognosis mainly depends on the underlying cause and clinical condition. As glyphosate may erode the digestive tract, attention should be paid to the volume, pressure, and speed of gastric lavage in treating glyphosate poisoning to avoid fatal complications such as HPVG. Abdominal symptoms need to be closely observed, and changes in the early onset of the condition in clinical practice need to be responded to promptly.

UNASSIGNED: Severe diquat poisoning often leads to acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal injury, paralytic ileus, rhabdomyolysis, respiratory failure, refractory circulatory failure, and brainstem damage.
UNASSIGNED: A previously healthy 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with anuria, mild abdominal distension, and calf pain after ingesting diquat (200 g/L) 100 mL approximately 13 h before presentation. His blood diquat concentration was 8.14 µg/L on admission. Gastrointestinal catharsis, haemoperfusion, and haemodiafiltration were performed. Subsequently, he developed marked abdominal distention, impaired consciousness, hypotension, and respiratory failure, leading to death.
UNASSIGNED: Computed tomography revealed gas accumulation in the portal venous system and mesenteric vessels. Moreover, gastrointestinal pneumatosis was present. Computed tomography also revealed changes in the lung, brainstem, and calf muscles.
UNASSIGNED: Diquat poisoning can result in acute kidney injury, hepatic injury, gastrointestinal injury, paralytic ileus, rhabdomyolysis, refractory circulatory failure, brainstem damage, and hepatic portal venous gas, all observed in this patient.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions characterized by the presence of gas within the bowel wall and portal venous system, respectively. This case report presents a 45-year-old male with a history of methamphetamine use who developed severe metabolic and hemodynamic instability, marked by altered mental status, metabolic acidosis, and ST elevations. Despite aggressive resuscitation and intensive care, the patient unfortunately succumbed to his condition, highlighting the gravity of these complications. This report underscores the importance of early recognition, comprehensive management, and timely surgical consultation to improve outcomes. It also emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and further research to better understand these conditions and the significant role of methamphetamine use as a contributing factor.

UNASSIGNED: Hepatic portal venous gas(HPVG) represents a rare radiographic phenomenon frequently linked to intestinal necrosis, historically deemed to need immediate surgical intervention. The pivotal query arises about the imperative of urgent surgery when a patient manifests HPVG after gastrointestinal surgery. This inquiry seeks to elucidate whether emergent surgical measures remain a requisite in such cases.
UNASSIGNED: The investigation into 14 cases of HPVG after gastrointestinal procedures was conducted through a comprehensive review of relevant literature. This methodological approach contributes to a nuanced understanding of HPVG occurrences following gastrointestinal surgery, informing clinical considerations and potential therapeutic strategies.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 14 patients, 12 recovered and 2 died. 6 patients underwent surgical exploration, 4 with negative findings and recovered. 8 cases received conservative treatment, resulting in improvement for 5, and 1 initially treated conservatively, revealed perforation during later surgical exploration, leading to improvement, 1 case ended in mortality.
UNASSIGNED: After gastrointestinal surgery, in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, the coexistence of HPVG and gastrointestinal dilatation, without signs of peritoneal irritation on abdominal examination, may suggest HPVG due to acute gastrointestinal injury, intestinal gas, and displacement of gas-producing bacteria. These patients can be managed conservatively under close supervision. In cases where HPVG coexists with gastrointestinal dilatation and Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) without signs of peritoneal irritation, conservative treatment may be continued under close supervision. However, if progressive exacerbation occurs despite close monitoring and the aforementioned treatments, timely surgical exploration is deemed necessary. When HPVG is combined with signs of peritoneal irritation, prompt laparotomy and exploration are preferred.

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UNASSIGNED: Hepatic portal venous gas is not a specific disease and is often only an imaging manifestation in patients with acute abdomen. However, its appearance often indicates serious disease and poor prognosis. It is not difficult to distinguish typical portal venous gas from biliary tract gas on computed tomography because of their relatively different distribution within the liver. But the difference is not absolute.
UNASSIGNED: An 82-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department due to epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting for 1 day. Intrahepatic gas was found on computed tomography (CT), which was initially diagnosed as portal venous gas, and contrast-enhanced abdominal CT was performed 3 hours after the first plain CT scan and revealed a significant reduction of intrahepatic gas, then diagnosed as biliary tract gas. Two days later, enhanced abdominal CT showed that biliary tract gas had disappeared. Continuous gastrointestinal decompression, anti-infection, rehydration and other treatments were given. After treatment, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms of the patient were gradually relieved. The patient refused gastroenteroscopy and was discharged after 13 days of hospitalization.
UNASSIGNED: Portal venous gas and biliary tract gas may have similar CT findings and be misdiagnosed, and enhanced CT examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are widely used as primate experimental models in biomedical research. Duodenal dilation with chronic vomiting in captive common marmosets is a recently described life-threatening syndrome that is problematic for health control. However, the pathogenesis and cause of death are not fully understood.
METHODS: We report two novel necropsy cases in which captive common marmosets were histopathologically diagnosed with gastric emphysema (GE) and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI). Marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome was confirmed in each case by clinical observation of chronic vomiting and by gross necropsy findings showing a dilated, gas-filled and fluid-filled descending duodenum that adhered to the ascending colon. A diagnosis of GE and PI was made on the basis of the bubble-like morphology of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, with histological examination revealing numerous vacuoles diffused throughout the lamina propria mucosae and submucosa. Immunostaining for prospero homeobox 1 and CD31 distinguished gas cysts from blood and lymph vessels. The presence of hepatic portal venous gas in case 1 and possible secondary bacteremia-related septic shock in case 2 were suggested to be acute life-threatening abdominal processes resulting from gastric emphysema and pneumatosis intestinalis.
CONCLUSIONS: In both cases, the gross and histopathological findings of gas cysts in the GI tract walls matched the features of human GE and PI. These findings contribute to clarifying the cause of death in captive marmosets that have died of gastrointestinal diseases.

Hepatic portal venous gas is often referred to as the \"sign of death\" because it signifies a very poor prognosis if appropriate treatments are not promptly administered. The etiologies of hepatic portal venous gas are diverse and include severe complex abdominal infections, mesenteric ischemia, diving, and complications of endoscopic surgery, and the clinical manifestations are inconsistent among individual patients. Thus, whether emergency surgery should be performed remains controversial. In this report, we present three cases of hepatic portal venous gas. The patients initially exhibited symptoms consistent with severe shock of unknown etiology and were treated in the intensive care unit upon admission. We rapidly identified the cause of each individual patient\'s condition and selected problem-directed intervention measures based on active organ support, antishock support, and anti-infection treatments. Two patients recovered and were discharged without sequelae, whereas one patient died of refractory infection and multiple organ failure. We hope that this report will serve as a valuable reference for decision-making when critical care physicians encounter similar patients.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare disease, and there are many theories about its pathogenesis. Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG), is thought to occur secondary to intramural intestinal gas emboli migrating through the portal venous system via the mesenteric veins. PI accompanied by HPVG is usually a sign of bowel ischaemia and is associated with a high mortality rate. We report here, a patient with liver metastases from colorectal cancer who developed PI followed by HPVG after treatment with 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6). Timely attention and management of gastrointestinal symptoms following chemotherapy are essential in the treatment of this type of patient.

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is an infrequent and life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, which consists of the presence of gas in the portal vein and its branches. Improvements in imaging technologies have led to the diagnosis of HPVG in less severe circumstances, which, in turn, has only determined a small amelioration of the prognosis. We present a rare case of HPVG subsequent to paralytic ileus in a patient who attained long-term survival after the surgical treatment was performed. HPVG is considered to be associated with sepsis, parietal/mucosal damage, inflammation of the intraperitoneal organs, and meteorism, which may be found in a variety of pathologies. The severity of this pathology depends on the pre-existing conditions of the patients but also on how quickly a treatment plan is established and applied. As a correct and timely diagnosis is crucial for the increase of the survival rate in HPVG, greater attention shall be paid to the clinical manifestations and the differential diagnosis.