蜂胶近年来已成为一种潜在的预防和治疗剂,由于其众多的健康益处,其中包括增强免疫系统,降低血压,过敏治疗,和皮肤病治疗。蜂胶的药理活性主要归因于酚类及其与其他化合物的相互作用。鉴于酚类占蜂胶生物活性的大部分,正在开发各种提取方法。蜂胶基质的树脂-蜡组合物需要开发能够破坏基质-酚键同时保持酚稳定性的提取程序。因此,这项研究的目的是评估两种主要酚类化合物的稳定性,类黄酮和酚酸,在不同提取参数(提取时间和pH)和热回流提取(HRE)下,经蜂胶甲醇/水50/50(v/v)提取后获得的提取物。该方法涉及改变USE参数,包括提取时间(5、10和15分钟)和pH(2和7),然后使用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)进行分析以定量酚类回收率。结果表明,苯甲酸和绿原酸衍生物在所有超声提取程序中均表现出优异的稳定性。黄酮类化合物的回收率高度多样化,与木犀草素,槲皮苷,和最稳定的。总的来说,中性pH提高了黄酮类化合物的回收率,而酚酸在pH=2时保持更稳定。最重要的优化参数是使用时间,并且发现15分钟的超声波导致大多数测试的酚的最佳回收率,这意味着酚类与蜂胶基质强烈结合,需要超声波来打破这种结合。然而,添加蜂胶样品后,苯酚提取和回收率的高变异性表明,没有一种提取方法可以产生所有测试的酚的最高产率。因此,当使用像蜂胶这样的复杂基质时,需要优化每种苯酚的提取技术和程序。
Propolis has gained popularity in recent years as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent due to its numerous health benefits, which include immune system boosting, blood pressure lowering, allergy treatment, and skin disease treatment. The pharmacological activity of propolis is primarily attributed to phenolics and their interactions with other compounds. Given that phenols account for most of propolis\'s biological activity, various extraction methods are being developed. The resin-wax composition of the propolis matrix necessitates the development of an extraction procedure capable of breaking matrix-phenol bonds while maintaining phenol stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the stability of two major groups of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, in propolis methanol/water 50/50 (v/v) extracts obtained after ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) under different extraction parameters (extraction time and pH) and heat reflux extraction (HRE). The methodology involved varying the USE parameters, including extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min) and pH (2 and 7), followed by analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify phenolic recoveries. Results revealed that benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid derivatives demonstrated excellent stability across all ultrasound extraction procedures. The recoveries of flavonoids were highly diverse, with luteolin, quercitrin, and hesperetin being the most stable. Overall, neutral pH improved flavonoid recovery, whereas phenolic acids remained more stable at pH = 2. The most important optimization parameter was USE time, and it was discovered that 15 min of ultrasound resulted in the best recoveries for most of the phenols tested, implying that phenols bind strongly to the propolis matrix and require ultrasound to break the bond. However, the high variability in phenol extraction and recovery after spiking the propolis sample shows that no single extraction method can produce the highest yield of all phenols tested. As a result, when working with a complex matrix like propolis, the extraction techniques and procedures for each phenol need to be optimized.