亚麻籽是一种自文明开始以来用于多种目的的古老作物。最近,亚麻籽由于其促进健康的ω-3脂肪酸和其他生物活性化合物的高含量而成为超级食品。在主要的健康影响中,它有可能控制高血压,糖尿病,骨质疏松,动脉粥样硬化,癌症,关节炎,神经学,心血管疾病,包括血液胆固醇水平,便秘,腹泻,和自身免疫性疾病等。由于ω-3脂肪酸的存在,木脂素,高膳食纤维,和蛋白质,然而,次要健康影响包括缓解各种皮肤病。由于这些有益于健康的特性,对亚麻籽油的兴趣需要加强各个方面的研究工作。这些包括栽培技术,品种和遗传改良,收获后处理,营养素和生物活性化合物的概况,临床前和临床研究,等。本综述讨论了亚麻籽研究的进展,包括收获前和收获后处理。然而,还介绍了亚麻籽油中存在的生物活性化合物及其对健康的影响。亚麻籽栽培,涵盖了收获前和收获后处理方面,包括气候,edaphic,农艺因素,品种类型和储存条件等,影响整体油脂产量和营养品质。亚麻籽油在功能性食品中的各种新兴应用,营养食品,Pharmaceutical,并详细介绍了药妆制剂。Further,对亚麻籽油在遗传学领域的研究提出了建议,育种种质资源和基因组编辑,以探索其作为营养和保健品的充分应用。
Linseed is an ancient crop used for diverse purposes since the beginning of civilization. In recent times, linseed has emerged as a superfood due to its high content of health-promoting omega-3 fatty acids and other bioactive compounds. Among primary health effects, it has potential to manage hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, cancer, arthritis, neurological, cardiovascular diseases including blood cholesterol levels, constipation, diarrhea, and autoimmune disorders etc. due to the presence of omega-3 fatty acid, lignans, high dietary fibers, and proteins, whereas, secondary health effects comprise of relieving from various skin disorders. Due to these health-beneficial properties, interest in linseed oil necessitates the intensification of research efforts on various aspects. These include cultivation technology, varietal and genetic improvement, post-harvest processing, profiling of nutrients and bioactive compounds, pre-clinical and clinical studies, etc. The present review discussed the advances in linseed research including pre- and post-harvest processing. However, focus on the bioactive compounds present in linseed oil and their health effects are also presented. Linseed cultivation, pre- and post-harvest processing aspects are covered including climatic, edaphic, agronomic factors, type of cultivar and storage conditions etc, which impact the overall oil yield and its nutritional quality. Various emerging applications of linseed oil in functional food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical preparations were also presented in detail. Further, recommendations were made on linseed oil research in the field of genetics, breeding germplasm resources and genome editing for exploring its full applications as a nutrition and health product.