PM2.5对人体健康的影响在不同年龄段之间波动很大,受一系列生理和免疫反应的影响。本文比较了PM2.5引起的疾病在不同年龄段人群中的发病机制,专注于儿童,成年人,老年人由于身体的差异而容易受到影响。关于儿童,暴露于PM2.5与许多负面影响有关。这些因素包括炎症,氧化应激,和呼吸问题,这可能会使先前存在的疾病恶化,并可能导致神经毒性和发育问题。表观遗传变化会影响免疫系统,使人们更容易患上呼吸道疾病。另一方面,怀孕期间的暴露会改变心血管和中枢神经系统的发育方式。在成年人中,PM2.5的吸入与广泛的健康问题有关。这些包括呼吸困难,肺功能降低,对哮喘等疾病的易感性增加,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),还有肺癌.此外,暴露于PM2.5会引起全身炎症,心血管疾病,胰岛素抵抗,和神经毒性后果。免疫系统和认知功能的明显紊乱证明了PM2.5的广泛影响。老年人容易出现呼吸和心血管困难,这加剧了他们先前存在的健康问题,并增加了认知能力下降和神经系统疾病的风险。有额外的医疗条件,比如消化性溃疡,大大增加了入院的可能性。
The effects of PM2.5 on human health fluctuate greatly among various age groups, influenced by a range of physiological and immunological reactions. This paper compares the pathogenesis of the disease caused by PM2.5 in people of different ages, focusing on how children, adults, and the elderly are each susceptible to it because of differences in their bodies. Regarding children, exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many negative consequences. These factors consist of inflammation, oxidative stress, and respiratory problems, which might worsen pre-existing conditions and potentially cause neurotoxicity and developmental issues. Epigenetic changes can affect the immune system and make people more likely to get respiratory diseases. On the other hand, exposures during pregnancy can change how the cardiovascular and central nervous systems develop. In adults, the inhalation of PM2.5 is associated with a wide range of health problems. These include respiratory difficulties, reduced pulmonary function, and an increased susceptibility to illnesses such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. In addition, exposure to PM2.5 induces systemic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and neurotoxic consequences. Evident disturbances in the immune system and cognitive function demonstrate the broad impact of PM2.5. The elderly population is prone to developing respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties, which worsen their pre-existing health issues and raise the risk of cognitive decline and neurological illnesses. Having additional medical conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease, significantly increases the likelihood of being admitted to hospital.