低孵化率一直是鹅行业的持续挑战。建立标准图册和理解胚胎发育模式对于提高鹅卵的孵化率至关重要。然而,对正常地图集的全面描述,胚胎发育,鹅缺乏能源需求。在这项研究中,使用12只筑巢的纯种母鹅孵化了来自著名的大型石头鹅的120个可育卵。在孵化过程中,记录蛋壳的温度和鸡蛋的重量,每天拍摄胚胎的照片,以密切监测它们的发育。孵化后,通过从没有精子的情况下选择卵子来计算单位面积蛋壳的毛孔数量,死去的胚胎,通常是孵化的。此外,用自动培养箱孵化150个石头鹅卵,根据观察到的雌性鹅孵化的正常发育阶段进行调整。仔细打开卵,精心记录胚胎形态并创建详细的发育图。测量眼睛直径,下喙的长度,光掌骨,和胚胎长度。随后,进行了分析以评估钙,磷,粗蛋白,和粗脂肪含量来研究胚胎发育的能量需求。7号的特点,15th,石头鹅孵化的第23天和第28天对应于第5天,第十,鸡蛋孵化的第17天和第19天,分别。这些天分别通过“可见的胚胎眼睛”来区分,\"关闭\",“密封门”,和“闪烁的头发”。此外,孵化器的孵化率达到86.67%,累积失水率随胚胎年龄的增加而增加。值得注意的是,与死亡胚胎相比,正常发育的胚胎在蛋壳表面显示出显着更高的孔数量(P<0.05)。此外,胚胎体长,眼球直径,和较低的喙长度表现出持续增长,直到孵化的第19天,而tar骨长度从第12天到第31天稳步增加。肝脏大小测量在孵化的第10天开始,而腿部和胸部肌肉从第12天开始持续生长。对于能源需求,在发育的前10天,胚胎主要依赖蛋黄中的蛋白质。之后,蛋黄为胚胎生长提供蛋白质和脂肪。总之,这项研究为石头鹅胚胎生成了一个全面的发育图,在整个潜伏期提供对它们的生长和形态变化的有价值的见解。该地图可作为优化机器孵化技术的参考,以提高鹅蛋孵化率,并为鹅的发展提供新的视角。
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hatchability has been a persistent challenge in the goose industry. Establishing standard atlases and comprehending embryonic development patterns are essential to improving the hatching rates of goose eggs. However, comprehensive descriptions of normal atlases, embryonic development, and energy requirements in geese are lacking. In this study, a total of 120 fertile eggs from well-known large Shitou goose were incubated using 12 nesting purebred female geese. During hatching, both the temperature of the eggshells and the weight of eggs were recorded, and daily photographs of the embryos were captured to monitor their development closely. After hatching, counted the number of pores per unit area of eggshells by choosing eggs from without sperm, dead embryos, and normally hatched. Furthermore, 150 Shitou goose eggs were hatched by automatic incubator, with adjustments made based on observed normal developmental stages that incubated by female geese. The eggs were carefully opened to meticulously document embryonic morphology and create a detailed development map. Measurements were taken of the eye diameter, length of the lower beak, tarsometatarsus bone, and embryo length. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to assess the calcium, phosphorus, crude protein, and crude fat content to study the energy requirements for embryo development. characteristics on the 7th, 15th, 23rd and 28th days of Shitou goose hatching corresponded to the 5th, 10th, 17th and 19th days of chicken egg incubation, respectively. These days were distinguished individually by \"visible embryo\'s eye\", \"closure\", \"sealing the door\", and \"flashing hair\". Besides, the hatch rate of the incubator reached 86.67%, and the cumulative water loss rate increased with embryo age. Notably, normally developing embryos displayed a significantly higher number of pores on the eggshell surface compared to dead embryos (P < 0.05). Additionally, embryonic body length, eyeball diameter, and lower beak length exhibited continuous growth until day 19 of incubation, while tarsometatarsus length increased steadily from days 12 to 31. Liver size measurement began on the 10th day of incubation, while both leg and chest muscles showed continuous growth from the 12th day. For energy demand, the embryo primarily relied on protein sourced from the egg yolk within the first 10 days of development. Afterward, the egg yolk provided both protein and fat for embryonic growth. In summary, this study has generated a comprehensive developmental map for Shitou goose embryos, offering valuable insights into their growth and morphological changes throughout the incubation period. This map can serve as a reference for optimizing machine incubation techniques to enhance goose egg hatching rates and provide fresh perspectives on the development of geese.