建筑物的建造和运营是为了满足人类需求并提高生活质量。良好的室内空气质量(IAQ)和热舒适性是人类健康和福祉的先决条件。对于他们的规定,建筑物通常依赖供暖,通风,和空调(HVAC)系统,这可能导致更高的能源消耗。这直接影响能源效率目标和相关的气候变化考虑。能源使用之间的平衡,最佳的室内空气质量和热舒适度要求对室内空间中建筑物居住者所经历的暴露进行科学的可靠和完善的极限值,包括住宅,学校,和办公室。本文旨在评估科学文献中报告的某些室内污染物的极限值,并介绍如何在国际和国家准则和标准中处理它们。污染物包括二氧化碳(CO2),甲醛(CH2O),颗粒物(PM),二氧化氮(NO2),一氧化碳(CO),和氡(Rn)。此外,承认暖通空调对能源使用的影响特别强烈,通风,室内温度(T),和相对湿度(RH)也包括在内,因为它们涉及热舒适性和避免水分相关问题的可能性,如霉菌生长和室内尘螨的扩散。提供了这些参数的国家法规示例,既与建筑物中的人类需求有关,又考虑与节能有关的方面。这项工作是基于室内环境质量(IEQ)指南数据库,跨越国家和机构,并有助于朝着室内参数值的更统一的指导方向采取措施。该数据库由科学和技术委员会(STC)34协调,作为ISIAQ的一部分,国际室内空气质量和气候学会。
Buildings are constructed and operated to satisfy human needs and improve quality of life. Good indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort are prerequisites for human health and well-being. For their provision, buildings often rely on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (
HVAC) systems, which may lead to higher energy consumption. This directly impacts energy efficiency goals and the linked climate change considerations. The balance between energy use, optimum IAQ and thermal comfort calls for scientifically solid and well-established limit values for exposures experienced by building occupants in indoor spaces, including homes, schools, and offices. The present paper aims to appraise limit values for selected indoor pollutants reported in the scientific literature, and to present how they are handled in international and national guidelines and standards. The pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and radon (Rn). Furthermore, acknowledging the particularly strong impact on energy use from
HVAC, ventilation, indoor temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) are also included, as they relate to both thermal comfort and the possibilities to avoid moisture related problems, such as mould growth and proliferation of house dust mites. Examples of national regulations for these parameters are presented, both in relation to human requirements in buildings and considering aspects related to energy saving. The work is based on the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) guidelines database, which spans across countries and institutions, and aids in taking steps in the direction towards a more uniform guidance for values of indoor parameters. The database is coordinated by the Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) 34, as part of ISIAQ, the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate.