Monocytes are innate immune cells that are continuously produced in bone marrow which enter and circulate the vasculature. In response to nutrient scarcity, monocytes migrate back to bone marrow where upon refeeding they are re-released back into the bloodstream to replenish the circulation. In humans, the variability in monocyte behavior in response to fasting and refeeding has not been characterized. To investigate monocyte dynamics in humans we measured blood monocyte fluctuations in 354 clinically healthy individuals after a 12-hour overnight fast and at 3- and 6-hours after consuming a mixed macronutrient challenge meal. Using cluster analysis, we identified three distinct monocyte behaviors. Group 1 was characterized by relatively low fasting monocyte counts that markedly increased after consuming the test meal. Group 2 was characterized by relatively high fasting monocyte counts which decreased after meal consumption. Group 3, like Group 1, was characterized by lower fasting monocyte counts but increased to a lesser extent after consuming the meal. While monocyte fluctuations observed in Groups 1 and 3 align with the current paradigm of monocyte dynamics in response to fasting and refeeding, the atypical dynamic observed in Group 2 does not. While generally younger in age, Group 2 subjects had lower whole-body carbohydrate oxidation rates, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, delayed postprandial declines in salivary cortisol, and reduced postprandial peripheral microvascular endothelial function. These unique characteristics were not explained by group differences in age, sex, or BMI. Taken together these results highlight distinct patterns of monocyte responsiveness to natural fluctuations in dietary fuel availability.

UNASSIGNED: Well-known adverse events of antipsychotics are movement disorders, or extrapyramidal symptoms, such as drug-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia.
UNASSIGNED: With new evidence suggesting a link between low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and risk of Parkinson\'s disease, this study sought to investigate if that link also translated to patients taking antipsychotics with low HDL-C and an increased risk for developing a movement disorder.
UNASSIGNED: Adult patients (n=89) at an inpatient state psychiatric facility taking at least one antipsychotic with at least one HDL-C level were assessed for signs of a movement disorder through their history and physical, progress notes, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score.
UNASSIGNED: There was no statistical significance when comparing a patient\'s movement disorder, AIMS scores, and HDL-C levels to suggest that the HDL-C level influenced a patient\'s movement disorder.
UNASSIGNED: This study did not show a correlation between HDL-C levels and a patient\'s risk of developing a movement disorder while taking an antipsychotic.

Decades of research have reshaped our understanding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) , shifting our focus from cholesterol (C) levels to multifaceted functionalities. Epidemiological studies initially suggested an association between HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, such a simple association has not been indicated by recent studies. Notably, genome-wide studies have highlighted discrepancies between HDL-C levels and CVD outcomes, urging a deeper exploration of the role of HDL. The key to this shift lies in elucidating the role of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which is a fundamental anti-atherosclerotic mechanism. Understanding RCT has led to the identification of therapeutic targets and novel interventions for atherosclerosis. However, clinical trials have underscored the limitations of HDL-C as a therapeutic target, prompting the re-evaluation of the role of HDL in disease prevention. Further investigations have revealed the involvement of HDL composition in various diseases other than CVD, including chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer\'s disease, and autoimmune diseases. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-infectious properties of HDL have emerged as crucial aspects of its protective function, opening new avenues for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Omics technologies have provided insights into the diverse composition of HDL, revealing disease-specific alterations in the HDL proteome and lipidome. In addition, combining cell-based and cell-free assays has facilitated the evaluation of the HDL functionality across diverse populations, offering the potential for personalized medicine. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of HDL multifunctionality leads to promising prospects for future clinical applications and therapeutic developments, extending beyond cardiovascular health.

OBJECTIVE: Here we present the patients whose body mass index is in the normal range and who visited with the complaint of headache. The differences in lipid profile in this group compared to healthy children and the risk factors that may be associated with this were investigated.
METHODS: 195 patients who applied to the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic with headache complaints between April 2021 and October 2022 were retrospectively examined. 201 healthy children were included as the control group. The gender, age, headache type, lipid profile blood test after at least 8 h of fasting [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and TG/HDL ratio], and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Those patients who had a BMI range of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 were included in the study.
RESULTS: The study group had 195 patients; 118 girls (60.5%). The average age was 12,57 ± 3,48 years, and 114 patients (58.5%) had tension-type headaches and 81 (41.5%) had migraine-type headaches. There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. Blood pressure, folate, and thyroid function tests were normal. In the lipid profile, a significant difference was observed between total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the TG/HDL ratio between those two groups. No significant statistical difference was observed in the lipid profile and other laboratory findings between headache types.
CONCLUSIONS: In children presenting with headache complaints, which can be both worrying for families and cause significant loss of functionality, it is detectable (obviously) that headache is an important marker for dyslipidemia; even if BMI is in a normal range. The lipid profile should be seen both to control the complaint with an appropriate diet and to observe the risk of future atherosclerotic processes.

This study is asked to investigate the effects of belimumab on the lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Forty-one SLE patients who received at least 6 months of belimumab treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The control group consisted of 56 age- and sex-matched lupus patients not treated with belimumab. The changes in lipid profile after a 6-month treatment were compared between the two groups. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to examine lipid levels longitudinally during the period and the effect of clinical response variables and medication on the lipid profile in the belimumab group. In the belimumab group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased significantly after the 6-month treatment (P = 0.02). After 1 month, HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) significantly increased by 13.8 and 11.4%, compared with baseline, respectively. After 3 months, HDL and apoA-I increased by 9.0 and 7.1%, respectively. After 6 months, HDL increased by 7.6% compared with baseline. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B did not change significantly over the course of treatment. GEE analyses indicated a significant association between HDL and disease activity indexes, such as IgG, anti-dsDNA, and complement C3. Subgroup analysis revealed significant changes in HDL only in patients who had achieved a ≥ 4-point reduction in SLEDAI-2 K after 6 months of belimumab treatment. Belimumab treatment may result in a long-term increase in HDL level in SLE patients by improving control of lupus activity. This might have beneficial effects on controlling cardiovascular risk in lupus patients. Key Points • Treatment with belimumab resulted in a significant and sustained increase in the HDL levels in SLE patients. • Significant changes in HDL were observed in lupus patients treated with belimumab who had a better clinical response.

BACKGROUND: Growing research underscores the significance of diet quality in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our study investigates the correlation between the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and MetS, along with its components, in Iranian adults.
METHODS: This study utilizes data from the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and includes a final analysis of 2,904 participants aged 20-70 years. Dietary data were gathered using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined in line with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. GDQS was derived by totaling the points across all 25 food groups, with scores ranging from 0 to 49. To examine the association between GDQS and MetS, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted in both crude and adjusted models.
RESULTS: Participants who had the highest adherence to GDQS had a 20% lower chance of having MetS than those who had the lowest adherence after adjusting for confounding variables in Model II (T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, P-trend = 0.045). There was no association between GDQS and MetS components including increased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, abdominal obesity and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in crude and adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS: higher adherence to GDQS was inversely related to odds of MetS. Further longitudinal and clinical trials investigations are required to confirm these associations.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in lipid levels between prediabetic individuals with one-hour post-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) plasma glucose (PG) values > 155 mg/dl and those with one-hour PG values ≤ 155 mg/dl.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cross sectional study was initiated on August 2020 and concluded on June 2021, and conducted with 229 prediabetic patients who presented to the Diabetes Clinic of the Research Hospital. A correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between OGTT values and serum lipid levels. Additionally, the patients were divided into two groups based on the one-hour post-OGTT PG value of 155 mg/dl, and the presence of any difference in serum lipid levels between the two groups was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. The SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis, and a statistical significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.
UNASSIGNED: Out of the 229 prediabetic patients included in the study, 172 were female. The number of patients with one-hour post-OGTT PG ≤ 155 mg/dl was 86, while those with values > 155 mg/dl were 143. A statistically significant difference was found between the group with one-hour post-OGTT PG > 155 mg/dl and the group with ≤ 155 mg/dl in terms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between one-hour PG and HDL-C.
UNASSIGNED: The evaluation of HDL-C and TG levels is important in prediabetic patients with a one-hour OGTT PG level greater than 155 mg/dL.

BACKGROUND: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with health problems, including cardiometabolic outcomes. Findings directly linking CSA to cholesterol levels are mixed, and identifying mediating pathways is the next logical step. Body mass index (BMI) is one possible mediator, given its association with both CSA and cardiometabolic outcomes. Gendered effects of CSA indicates that BMI may operate differently in men and women.
OBJECTIVE: We tested BMI as a mediator linking CSA to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) using a multiple group structural equation model stratified across gender to test the indirect effects.
METHODS: We utilized a sample of 1054 adults (54.7 % women) from the study of Midlife Development in the United States, who were drawn from the general population.
METHODS: Using two waves of data, participants responded to a questionnaire assessing CSA, provided measurements from which to calculate BMI, and a fasting blood sample from which cholesterol levels were measured.
RESULTS: The indirect effects in the overall sample yielded a significant effect from CSA to HDL via BMI (β = -0.03, 95 % CI [-0.050, -0.010]), but not LDL (β = 0.006, 95 % CI [-0.002, 0.014]). The indirect effect from CSA to HDL cholesterol was significant among women (β = -0.04, 95 % CI [-0.066, -0.012]) only. Indirect effects to LDL among both genders were both non-significant.
CONCLUSIONS: BMI appears to be a possible mediator linking CSA to lower HDL cholesterol among women suggesting BMI could be a point of trauma-informed prevention and intervention especially impactful.

暂无摘要。

Plasma lipid levels are modulated by systemic infection and inflammation; it is unknown whether these changes reflect inflammatory responses or caused directly by pathogen presence. We explored the hypothesis that anti-inflammatory intervention via interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) blockade would influence plasma lipid levels during severe infection and evaluated the association of plasma lipid changes with clinical outcomes. Sarilumab (monoclonal antibody blocking IL-6R) efficacy was previously assessed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (NCT04315298). This analysis determined whether strong inflammatory reduction by sarilumab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia of increasing severity (severe, critical, multisystem organ dysfunction) affected plasma lipid changes between day 1 and day 7 of study therapy. Baseline lipid levels reflected the presence of acute systemic infection, characterized by very low HDL-C, low LDL-C, and moderately elevated triglycerides (TGs). Disease severity was associated with progressively more abnormal lipid levels. At day 7, median lipid levels increased more in the sarilumab versus placebo group (HDL-C +10.3%, LDL-C +54.7%, TG +32% vs. HDL-C +1.7%, LDL-C +15.4%, TG +8.8%, respectively). No significant association between lipid changes and clinical outcomes was observed. In conclusion, severe-to-critical COVID-19 pneumonia causes profound HDL-C depression that is only modestly responsive to strong anti-IL-6R inflammatory intervention. Conversely, LDL-C depression is strongly responsive to IL-6R blockade, with LDL-C levels likely returning to the predisease set point. These results advance our understanding of the complex relationship between serum lipids and infection/inflammation and suggest that HDL-C depression during acute contagious disease is driven by infection and not IL-6-mediated inflammation.