UNASSIGNED: Osteosarcoma is most prevalently found primary malignant bone tumors, with primary metastatic patients accounting for approximately 25% of all osteosarcoma patients, yet their 5-year OS remains below 30%. Bilirubin plays a key role in oxidative stress-associated events, including malignancies, making the regulation of its serum levels a potential anti-tumor strategy. Herein, we investigated the association of osteosarcoma prognosis with serum levels of TBIL, IBIL and DBIL, and further explored the mechanisms by which bilirubin affects tumor invasion and migration.
UNASSIGNED: ROC curve was plotted to assess survival conditions based on the determined optimal cut-off values and the AUC. Then, Kaplan-Meier curves, along with Cox proportional hazards model, was applied for survival analysis. Inhibitory function of IBIL on the malignant properties of osteosarcoma cells was examined using the qRT-PCR, transwell assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry.
UNASSIGNED: We found that, versus osteosarcoma patients with pre-operative higher IBIL (>8.9 μmol/L), those with low IBIL (≤8.9 μmol/L) had shorter OS and PFS. As indicated by the Cox proportional hazards model, pre-operative IBIL functioned as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS in total and gender-stratified osteosarcoma patients (P < 0.05 for all). In vitro experiments further confirmed that IBIL inhibits PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and downregulates MMP-2 expression via reducing intracellular ROS, thereby decreasing the invasion of osteosarcoma cells.
UNASSIGNED: IBIL may serve as an independent prognostic predictor for osteosarcoma patients. IBIL impairs invasion of osteosarcoma cells through repressing the PI3K/AKT/MMP-2 pathway by suppressing intracellular ROS, thus inhibiting its metastatic potential.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in chondrocyte senescence and cartilage aging, pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds (PPCs), such as curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (grape), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (green tea), have been known for their anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. However, the potential protective effects of these PPCs against oxidative stress in chondrocytes are unclear. To investigate this, bovine articular chondrocytes and human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were pre-treated with PPCs at varying concentrations, and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an ROS inducer or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) as a NO donor. Alternatively, chondrocytes were co-treated with polyphenols and H2O2. Intracellular ROS/NO were measured using a fluorescent dye technique (H2DCF-DA for ROS; DAF-FM for NO). Our findings showed that PPC pre-/co-treatment inhibited both H2O2-induced ROS and SNAP-induced NO at different concentrations in both bovine chondrocytes and human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Curcumin also increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the presence of H2O2 in bovine chondrocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that PPCs are capable of suppressing oxidative stress- induced responses in chondrocytes, which may have potential therapeutic value for OA clinical application.

UNASSIGNED: There is need to investigate whether phytochemicals along with surgical detorsion could serve as better managements options in TT patients rather than surgical detorsion (SD) alone.
UNASSIGNED: The descriptive cross-sectional part of this study is questionnaire-based addressing sociodemographic characteristics of participants and their experience in management of TT. In the experimental part, male rats (n = 32) were grouped into: sham, Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol fraction (100 mg/kg) of CO. Evaluation of tissue GPx, total thiol, SOD, MDA and H2O2 was done. Serum estimations of nitrite, TNF-α and IL-6, MPO, sperm motility, count and viability was also carried out. Tissue expression of bax and caspase 3 was assessed.
UNASSIGNED: 68.9 % respondents agreed that SD alone is non-effective in the management of TT while 83.6 % reported a need to augment surgery with medications. Oxidative stress markers like H2O2, MDA and nitrite increased by IRI were decreased in post-treatment groups, along with a significant increase in the tissue level of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and total thiol. Inflammatory mediators were elevated in IRI while post-treatment rats showed significant decrease. IRI decreased sperm count significantly this was reversed by post-treatment. Bax and caspase 3 was increased in IRI rats and post-treatment with CO fractions reduced them.
UNASSIGNED: Quantitative cross-sectional study has revealed through experience of clinicians that surgical detorsion alone is not effective in managing TT. Augmented treatment with CO leaf fractions suppressed testicular IRI through inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression, oxidative stress and inflammation.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem with enormous social, economic, and clinical consequences. While chronic, heavy alcohol consumption causes structural damage and/or disrupts normal organ function in virtually every tissue of the body, the liver sustains the greatest damage. This is primarily because the liver is the first to see alcohol absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal circulation and second, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism. Alcohol-induced damage remains one of the most prevalent disorders of the liver and a leading cause of death or transplantation from liver disease. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiology of this disease, there are still no targeted therapies available. Given the multifactorial mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease pathogenesis, it is conceivable that a multitherapeutic regimen is needed to treat different stages in the spectrum of this disease.

UNASSIGNED: To identify racial differences of oxidative damage and stress and mitochondrial function in human trabecular meshwork (TM).
UNASSIGNED: Experimental study.
UNASSIGNED: One hundred seventy-three eyes of 173 patients undergoing intraocular surgery provided aqueous humor (AH) for analysis. Trabecular meshwork tissues from eye bank donors were used as healthy controls for primary cell culture.
UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to measure 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative damage marker, in AH comparing Black and White Americans. Human TM primary cultured cells from Black and White donors were used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement under high and low oxygen culture conditions. Complex I activity was measured in mitochondrial fractions isolated from cultured TM cells. Mitochondrial quantification was performed by translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) Western blot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in live TM cells.
UNASSIGNED: Oxidative damage in AH, ATP production, complex I activity, mitochondrial quantification, and intracellular ROS in cultured TM cells stratified by racial background.
UNASSIGNED: Aqueous humor samples (75 Black, 98 White) displayed significantly higher 8-OHdG levels (P = 0.024) in Black compared with White patients with severe stage glaucoma. Using cultured healthy donor TM cells, ATP production was higher in Black than White TM cells (P = 0.002) in low oxygen culture conditions. Complex I activity was not statistically different in Black compared with White TM cells, but TOMM20 expression was higher in Black versus White cells (P = 0.001). In response to hydrogen peroxide challenge, ROS production was significantly higher in Black compared to White TM cells (P = 0.004).
UNASSIGNED: Significantly higher 8-OHdG levels in AH of Black compared with White patients with severe glaucoma indicated that oxidative damage may be a risk factor in glaucoma pathogenesis or the result of distinct pathologic features in the Black population. To identify potential origins or causes of this damage, our data showed that healthy Black cultured TM cells have higher ATP and ROS levels, with increased quantity of mitochondria, compared with White TM cells. These findings indicate that mitochondrial alterations and increased oxidative stress may influence racial disparities of glaucoma.

Products containing Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are becoming vastly used in our daily life. The widespread increased introduction of Ag NPs in many aspects of life has raised researchers\' concerns regarding their safety and toxicity for biological and environmental life in the past few years. The current study aimed to explore the subsequent effects of Ag NPs withdrawal, following short-term oral administration. Eighteen rats were assigned randomly into three groups (control group \"1\" and AG NPs treated groups \"2\" and \"3\"; 6 animals each). The control group received normal food and tap water while groups 2 & 3 received 0.5 ml of a solution containing 25 ppm Ag NPs for 14 days. Group 2 rats were sacrificed on day 14 whereas group 3 was left for another 14 days of particle cessation followed by euthanasia on day 28. Functional assessment was done by liver enzyme assays, hydrogen peroxide activity, hepatic Bdnf expression, and P53 immunoreactivity. Hepatic tissue structural assessment was done via hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff as well as Masson\'s trichrome stains. The results revealed a significant elevation of Hydrogen peroxide in group 2 only compared to the control group. Hepatic Bdnf and liver enzymes were both insignificantly affected. Structural abnormalities and enhanced apoptosis in hepatic tissue were found 14 days after ceasing the nanoparticles. In conclusion: Structural and functional insults following Ag NPs oral administration continues after particle withdrawal, and interestingly they do not necessitate apparent reflection on liver enzyme assays.

Compared with the P. longanae-infected longan, the DNP-treated P. longanae-infected fruit represented a higher pulp breakdown index, a higher O2 -. production rate, and a higher MDA content, but the lower activities of APX, SOD and CAT, the lower transcript levels of DlAPX6, DlSOD1, DlSOD2, DlSOD3 and DlCAT1, the lower values of AsA, GSH, flavonoid and total phenolics, a lower scavenging ability of DPPH radical, and a lower value of reducing power. Whereas, the ATP-treated P. longanae-infected samples showed the contrary results. The above findings indicated that the DNP-promoted the pulp breakdown in P. longanae-infected longan was because DNP weakened the capacity of scavenging ROS, raised the O2 -. level, and accelerated the membrane lipids peroxidation. However, the ATP-suppressed the pulp breakdown in P. longanae-infected longan was because ATP improved the capacity of scavenging ROS, reduced the O2 -. level, and reduced the membrane lipids peroxidation.

Malathion (MAL) is an organophosphate insecticide that disrupts the body\'s antioxidant system; it is one of the earliest organophosphate insecticides extensively used as dust, emulsion, and vapor control a wide variety of insect pests under different conditions. This experimentation aims to evaluate the influence of Arabica coffee oil and olive oil on MAL-induced nephrotoxicity in male rat. 6 sets bearing the same number of animals were applied to this experiment. Each set comprised 10 rats. The first set of rats was used as the control group; rats in the second set were exposed to MAL measured at 100 mg/kg body weight for 7 weeks. Animals in the third and fourth set were treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of Arabica coffee oil and olive oil, and 100 mg/kg body weight of MAL. The fifth, together with the sixth set, were fed with a similar proportion of Arabica coffee oil and olive oil as administered to the third set of rats. After the experimental duration, rats of group 2 showed severe biochemical alterations, including significant increases of creatinine, uric acids, and urea nitrogen (BUN), resulting in marked decreases in serum albumin values and total protein (TP). Severe histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations of kidney tissues were observed in exposed MAL-intoxicated rats. Administration of these oils reduced the detected biochemical, histopathological modifications caused by MAL intoxication. Two active ingredients in Arabica coffee oil (oleic acid) and olive oil (hydroxytyrosol) showed good cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) interaction. Moreover, oleic acid from coffee oil and olive oil exhibited impressive association with xanthine oxidase (XO). The current finding showed that coffee oil and olive oil could be appraised as possible and a likely deterrence component against nephrotoxicity brought about by MAL.

Phomopsis longanae Chi is a crucial pathogen causing fruit spoilage in postharvest fresh longan. The influence of P. longanae invasion with a suspension containing 1 × 104 P. longanae spores per mL on the breakdown occurrence and ROS metabolism in pulp of longan cv. Fuyan during storage at 28 °C was explicated. Compared to control group, more severe development of pulp breakdown (PB), higher PB index, O2 -. generation rate, H2O2 and MDA content, but lower SOD, APX and CAT activities, GSH, AsA, flavonoid and total phenolics amounts, ability of scavenging DPPH radical, and reducing power were displayed in the pulp of P. longanae-infected fruit during days 0-5. In this context, P. longanae induced breakdown of longan pulp by reducing the scavenging ability of ROS and increasing the cumulation of ROS, thereby enhancing the structural collapse and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, which were responsible for the PB of harvested longans.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the protective effect of five essential oils (EOs); Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum compactum Benth., Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Ocimum basilicum L.; against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated and the protective effect of EOs was investigated. Yeast cells were pretreated with different concentrations of EOs (6.25-25 µg/ml) for an hour then incubated with H2O2 (2 mM) for an additional hour. Cell viability, antioxidants (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione reductase) and metabolic (Succinate dehydrogenase) enzymes, as well as the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCO) were evaluated. The chemical composition of EOs has shown the difference qualitatively and quantitatively. Indeed, O. compactum mainly contained Carvacrol, O. basilicum was mainly composed of Linalool, T. vulgaris was rich in thymol, R. officinalis had high α-Pinene amount and for E. globulus, eucalyptol was the major compound. The EOs of basil, oregano and thyme were found to possess the highest amount of total phenolic compounds. Moreover, they have shown the best protective effect on yeast cells against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. In addition, in a dose dependent manner of EOs in yeast medium, treated cells had lower levels of LPO, lower antioxidant and metabolic enzymes activity than cells exposed to H2O2 only. The cell viability was also improved. It seems that the studied EOs are efficient natural antioxidants, which can be exploited to protect against damages and serious diseases related to oxidative stress.