目前,已对七种麻疹病毒进行了分类。其中六种(麻疹病毒,牛瘟病毒,小反刍动物麻疹病毒,犬麻疹病毒,Phocinemorlishinvirus,和鲸类目病毒)具有高度传染性,会导致人类严重的全身性疾病,牲畜,家养狗,和野生动物。这些物种通常使用宿主蛋白信号淋巴细胞活化分子(SLAM)和nectin-4作为受体,这种用法有助于它们的毒力。第七种(猫科动物病毒:FeMV)与六个使用SLAM的物种在系统发育上有所不同。FeMV在致病性和传染性方面与使用SLAM的麻疹病毒组不同,并推测使用非SLAM受体。最近,在蝙蝠中发现了新型的麻疹病毒,啮齿动物,家养猪。因为利用SLAM和nectin-4的能力与麻疹病毒的感染性和致病性密切相关,研究这些受体的潜在用途可用于估计感染性和致病性。受体结合蛋白中的SLAM结合位点在使用SLAM的麻疹病毒中显示出高度相似性。此功能可能有助于评估新型麻疹病毒物种是否可以使用SLAM作为受体。从野生小鼠中分离出的一种新型麻疹病毒物种与系统发育树中分类的麻疹病毒不同,形成与使用SLAM的麻疹病毒组和FeMV分开的第三组。这表明新型啮齿动物麻疹病毒可能表现出与使用SLAM的麻疹病毒组不同的风险,并分析其对人类的病毒致病性和传染性。
Currently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM-using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non-SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin-4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM-binding sites in the receptor-binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM-using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.