长江流域农村污水处理是实现长江大保护的重要环节,但现有的治疗技术选择困难,技术多样,缺乏评价。因此,本研究以长江中游地区农村污水处理工程为研究对象,分析了各种处理技术在不同收集模式和排放标准下的应用,构建了农村污水处理技术评价指标体系,然后基于群决策和层次分析法对各应用场景的处理技术进行了分类评价。结果表明:长江中游农村污水的收集方式主要为单村或小型联合村,处理规模主要集中在200m3·d-1以下,处理技术应用最多的是厌氧+生态工艺(28.05%),集成设备的应用也更加广泛(22.47%)。准则层的技术性能在评价指标体系中权重最大(0.5039),其次是经济效益(0.2474),运营和管理(0.1559),和环境影响(0.0928),分别是TP去除率的四个指标,吨水运行成本,氨氮去除率,维护难度较高。评价和优化结果表明,强化生态和厌氧+生态处理技术适合在长江中游农村地区推广应用。本研究结果可为长江中游地区农村污水处理技术选择提供科学依据和参考。
Rural sewage treatment in the Yangtze River basin is an important link to achieve the great protection of the Yangtze River, but the existing treatment technologies are difficult to choose and have various techniques and a lack of evaluation. Therefore, this study researched and collected the case information of rural sewage treatment projects in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, analyzed the application of each treatment technology under different collection modes and discharge standards, constructed the evaluation index system of rural sewage treatment technologies, and then conducted a classification evaluation of processing technologies for each application scenario based on group decision making and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results showed that:the collection modes of rural sewage in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly single village or small-scale joint village, the treatment scale was mainly concentrated below 200 m3·d-1, the treatment technology was most applied by the anaerobic+ecological process (28.05%), and the application of integrated equipment was also more widely used (22.47%). The technical performance in the criterion layer had the largest weight (0.5039) in the evaluation index system, followed by those of economic benefits (0.2474), operation and management (0.1559), and environmental impact (0.0928), respectively; the four indicators of TP removal rate, ton water operation cost, ammonia nitrogen removal rate, and maintenance difficulty had higher weights. The evaluation and optimization results showed that the enhanced ecological and anaerobic+ecological treatment technologies were suitable for promotion and application in the rural areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of this study can provide scientific basis and reference for the selection of rural sewage treatment technologies in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.