鉴于抗真菌和抗菌素耐药性等公共卫生威胁不断上升,随着新抗菌药物开发的放缓,仿生物质已显示出作为治疗剂的希望。多药耐药真菌在快速产生耐药性时面临重大挑战,使传统的抗真菌药效果较差。开发新的抗真菌剂也因需要靶向真核细胞而不损害宿主而变得复杂。这篇综述研究了模拟天然生物学机制的仿生抗真菌材料,以实现靶向和有效的作用。它涵盖了一系列特工,包括抗真菌肽,基于藻酸盐的抗真菌药,壳聚糖衍生物,纳米粒子,植物来源的多酚,和益生菌。这些试剂通过破坏细胞膜等机制起作用,产生活性氧,并抑制必要的真菌过程。尽管有潜力,在确保生物相容性方面仍然存在挑战,优化交付,克服潜在的阻力。生产可扩展性和经济可行性也是关注的问题。未来的研究应该增强这些材料的稳定性和功效,整合多功能方法,并开发复杂的交付系统。需要跨学科的努力来理解这些材料之间的相互作用,真菌细胞,和主机环境。长期健康和环境影响,真菌抗性机制,和标准化的测试方案需要进一步研究。总之,虽然仿生抗真菌材料代表了对抗多重耐药真菌的革命性方法,需要广泛的研究和开发才能充分发挥其潜力。
In light of rising public health threats like antifungal and antimicrobial resistance, alongside the slowdown in new antimicrobial development, biomimetics have shown promise as therapeutic agents. Multidrug-resistant fungi pose significant challenges as they quickly develop resistance, making traditional antifungals less effective. Developing new antifungals is also complicated by the need to target eukaryotic cells without harming the host. This review examines biomimetic antifungal materials that mimic natural biological mechanisms for targeted and efficient action. It covers a range of agents, including antifungal peptides, alginate-based antifungals, chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, plant-derived polyphenols, and probiotic bacteria. These agents work through mechanisms such as disrupting cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting essential fungal processes. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of ensuring biocompatibility, optimizing delivery, and overcoming potential resistance. Production scalability and economic viability are also concerns. Future research should enhance the stability and efficacy of these materials, integrate multifunctional approaches, and develop sophisticated delivery systems. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to understand interactions between these materials, fungal cells, and the host environment. Long-term health and environmental impacts, fungal resistance mechanisms, and standardized testing protocols require further study. In conclusion, while biomimetic antifungal materials represent a revolutionary approach to combating multidrug-resistant fungi, extensive research and development are needed to fully realize their potential.