目的:附录,虽然被认为是一个退化的器官,由于急性阑尾炎是一个常见的医学问题,因此具有相当重要的临床意义。还有其他涉及阑尾的疾病过程。阑尾是病理学家(和外科医生)切割牙齿的第一批标本之一。因此,可能存在低估临床和预后意义重大的阑尾病变的倾向.
方法:我们提供了广泛的非肿瘤性阑尾病变的病理特征,重点是制定切实可行的收入增长方法,显微镜,和报告-所有这些都具有临床和治疗意义。其中大部分是基于2008年至2023年有关MEDLINE的文献,以及个人经验和解释。
结果:附录可以包含无数的非肿瘤性病变,包括感染,不同病因的炎症(包括间隔阑尾切除术),子宫内膜异位症,憩室病,等等。慢性阑尾炎,克罗恩病,临床审计是反复出现的主题,而COVID-19是一个新实体。
结论:最重要的是,所有病理学家都应该明白,附录并不像人们想相信的那样是“常规”标本。
OBJECTIVE: The appendix, although considered a vestigial organ, is of considerable clinical importance because acute appendicitis is a common medical problem. There are also other disease processes involving the appendix. The appendix is among the first specimens that the pathologist (and surgeon) cuts one\'s teeth on. Thus, there may be a tendency to underestimate the clinically and prognostically significant appendiceal pathologies.
METHODS: We provide a vade mecum of the pathologic features of a wide range of nonneoplastic appendiceal pathologies, with an emphasis on developing a practical approach to grossing, microscopy, and reporting-all with clinical and therapeutic implications. Much of this is based on literature on MEDLINE with reference to years 2008 to 2023, as well as on personal experiences and interpretations.
RESULTS: The appendix can harbor a myriad of nonneoplastic pathologies, including infections, inflammations of varying etiologies (including interval appendectomy), endometriosis, diverticulosis, and so on. Chronic appendicitis, Crohn disease, and clinical audit are recurring themes while COVID-19 is a new entity.
CONCLUSIONS: Most importantly, all pathologists should appreciate that the appendix is not as \"routine\" a specimen as one would want to believe.