本研究旨在分析急性白血病(AL)患者多药耐药(MDR)和碳青霉烯类耐药(CR)细菌血流感染(BSI)的危险因素以及革兰氏阴性菌(GNB)BSI的死亡率。这是四川大学华西医院进行的一项回顾性研究,其中包括2016年至2021年诊断为AL和合并GNBBSI的患者。共纳入206例AL中GNBBSI患者。所有患者30天死亡率为26.2%,MDRGNBBSI患者的比率为25.8%,CRGNBBSI患者的比率为59.1%。单因素和多因素分析显示,在过去30天内暴露于喹诺酮类药物(比值比(OR)=3.111,95%置信区间(95CI):1.523-5.964,p=0.001)是MDRGNBBSI的独立危险因素,而在过去30天内放置导尿管(OR=6.311,95CI:2.478-16.073,p<0.001)和暴露于头孢菌素(OR=2.340,95CI:1.090-5.025,p=0.029)和碳青霉烯类(OR=2.558,95CI:1.190-5.497,p=0.016)与CRGNBBSI独立相关。此外,CRGNBBSI(OR=2.960,95%CI:1.016-8.624,p=0.047),复发/难治性AL(OR=3.035,95%CI:1.265-7.354,p=0.013),感染性休克(OR=5.108,95%CI:1.794-14.547,p=0.002),BSI前血小板<30×109/L(OR=7.785,95%CI:2.055-29.492,p=0.003),不适当的经验性抗生素治疗(OR=3.140,95%CI:1.171-8.417,p=0.023)是伴有GNBBSI的AL患者30天死亡的独立危险因素。先前的抗生素暴露是MDRGNBBSI和CRGNBBSI发生的重要因素。CRGNBBSI增加了患有GNBBSI的AL患者的死亡风险。
This study aims to analyze the risk factors for the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant (CR) bacteria bloodstream infection (BSI) in a patient with acute leukemia (AL) and the mortality in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) BSI. This is a retrospective study conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, which included patients diagnosed with AL and concomitant GNB BSI from 2016 to 2021. A total of 206 patients with GNB BSI in AL were included. The 30-day mortality rate for all patients was 26.2%, with rates of 25.8% for those with MDR GNB BSI and 59.1% for those with CR GNB BSI. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that exposure to quinolones (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.111, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.623-5.964, p = 0.001) within the preceding 30 days was an independent risk factor for MDR GNB BSI, while placement of urinary catheter (OR = 6.311, 95%CI: 2.478-16.073, p < 0.001) and exposure to cephalosporins (OR = 2.340, 95%CI: 1.090-5.025, p = 0.029) and carbapenems (OR = 2.558, 95%CI: 1.190-5.497, p = 0.016) within the preceding 30 days were independently associated with CR GNB BSI. Additionally, CR GNB BSI (OR = 2.960, 95% CI: 1.016-8.624, p = 0.047), relapsed/refractory AL (OR = 3.035, 95% CI: 1.265-7.354, p = 0.013), septic shock (OR = 5.108, 95% CI: 1.794-14.547, p = 0.002), platelets < 30 × 109/L before BSI (OR = 7.785, 95% CI: 2.055-29.492, p = 0.003), and inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy (OR = 3.140, 95% CI: 1.171-8.417, p = 0.023) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in AL patients with GNB BSI. Prior antibiotic exposure was a significant factor in the occurrence of MDR GNB BSI and CR GNB BSI. CR GNB BSI increased the risk of mortality in AL patients with GNB BSI.