Objective:To explore efficacy of narrow band imaging（NBI） technique in CO2laser therapy in Early-Stage Glottic cancer. Methods:The clinical data of patients with Early-Stage Glottic cancer who underwent CO2laser vocal cord resection from June 2011 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, 27 patients who underwent surgery assisted by NBI were assigned to the observation group, while 25 patients who underwent conventional CO2 laser microsurgery with a suspension laryngoscope were assigned to the control group. The differences between the two groups were analyzed in terms of intraoperative frozen pathology results, postoperative recurrence rates, 5-year cumulative disease-free survival rates, complications, and voice recovery. Results:All 52 patients were operated successfully. Temporary tracheostomy and serious complications did not occur during the operation. The postoperative patient\'s pronunciation was satisfactory. One patient experienced vocal cord adhesion, but there were no severe complications such as breathing difficulties or bleeding, with an overall complication rate of 1.92%. Postoperative follow-up was 1-5 years. The 5 years recurrence free survival in the general group was 77.90％, and the 5 years recurrence free survival in the NBI group was 100％, the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. NBI endoscopy is safer and more accurate than the general group in determining the safe margin of tumor mucosal resection（P<0.05）. Among the patients who accepted the voice analysis, the difference was no statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with conventional CO2laser surgery under microscope, NBI guided laser resection of Early-Stage Glottic cancer is more accurate. NBI guided laser resection could improve 5 years recurrence free survival rate. In a word, narrow-band imaging endoscopy can has very high value in clinical application.
目的：探讨利用窄带成像技术（narrow band imaging，NBI）术前术后辅助显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术进行诊治的早期（T1和T2期）声门型喉癌的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2011年6月1日至2022年8月31日在天津市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术治疗的52例早期声门型喉癌患者资料，应用NBI辅助手术的27例患者为观察组，常规支撑喉镜下CO2激光显微手术的25例患者为对照组，随访时间1～5年，总结分析2组患者术中冰冻病理结果、术后复发率、5年累积无复发生存率、并发症及嗓音恢复情况之间的差别。 结果：52例患者均手术顺利，均无需行气管切开术，有1例患者出现声带粘连，但未出现呼吸困难及出血等严重并发症，并发症总发生率为1.92%。观察组5年累积无复发生存率为100％，对照组5年累积无复发生存率为77.90％，2组之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组较对照组的手术切缘更安全，更能准确判断肿瘤黏膜安全切缘（P<0.05）。所有患者进行了嗓音评估，嗓音障碍指数2组之间进行比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论：与常规支撑喉镜下CO2激光显微手术比较，NBI辅助下显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术切除早期声门型喉癌术后复发率低，并发症少，可有效提高5年无复发生存率，是一种更安全有效的治疗方法。.

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UNASSIGNED: Correctly holding the endotracheal tube (ETT) is essential for successful tracheal intubation. The study\'s primary objective was to compare the between-the-fingers grip with the conventional pen-holding grip regarding the number of attempts required for orotracheal intubation and usage of external aids.
UNASSIGNED: Three hundred patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomised according to the method to hold the ETT to Group C (conventional grip) and Group M (modified, between-the-fingers grip) during oro-tracheal intubation. A designated anaesthetist blinded to the groups performed laryngoscopy in all the patients, and difficult Cormack-Lehane grade 3b and 4 (n = 24) were excluded. Then, the group was revealed to the anaesthetist, and intubation was done accordingly; the number of attempts, use of backward upward rightward pressure (BURP), and time taken were noted. The sample size was estimated using the software G*Power version 3.1.9.2. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 23 (SPSS-23, IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for data analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Single-attempt intubation was comparable between the groups (99.3% versus 97.2%, P = 0.197). In contrast, the external assistance as BURP (0.75% versus 6.99%, P = 0.009) and the time taken for intubation (P = 0.008) were reduced in group M significantly.
UNASSIGNED: The between-the-fingers grip seems as effective as the standard grip to hold the ETT during intubation. However, it proved to be better as it can reduce the requirement for external assistance in BURP.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) profiles of Mandarin deception, including global characteristics and the influence of gender.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-six Mandarin speakers participated in an interactive interview game in which they provided both deceptive and truthful answers to 14 biographical questions. Acoustic and EGG signals of the participants\' responses were simultaneously recorded; 20 acoustic and 14 EGG features were analyzed using binary logistic regression models.
UNASSIGNED: Increases in fundamental frequency (F0) mean, intensity mean, first formant (F1), fifth formant (F5), contact quotient (CQ), decontacting-time quotient (DTQ), and contact index (CI) as well as decreases in jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and fourth formant (F4) were significantly correlated with global deception. Cross-gender features included increases in intensity mean and F5 and decreases in jitter, HNR, and F4, whereas gender-specific features encompassed increases in F0 mean, shimmer, F1, third formant, and DTQ, as well as decreases in F0 maximum and CQ for female deception, and increases in CQ and CI and decreases in shimmer for male deception.
UNASSIGNED: The results suggest that Mandarin deception could be tied to underlying pragmatic functions, emotional arousal, decreased glottal contact skewness, and more pressed phonation. Disparities in gender-specific features lend support to differences in the use of pragmatics, levels of deception-induced emotional arousal, skewness of glottal contact patterns, and phonation types.

The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes of an accelerated fractionated irradiation for N0 glottic carcinoma.
In this retrospective analysis, 29 patients with N0 glottic carcinoma treated by radiation therapy were enrolled. Thirteen patients had T1a disease, six had T1b disease, and ten had T2 disease. A fractional dose of 2.1 Gy was administered to seven patients. The total doses were 65.1 and 67.2 Gy in four and three patients, respectively. A fractional dose of 2.25 Gy was administered to 22 patients. The total doses were 63 and 67.5 Gy in 21 patients and 1 patient with T2 disease, respectively. Additionally, 13 patients underwent the use of TS-1 (80-100 mg per day).
The median follow-up period was 33 months, and the 3-year local control rate was 95.6%. No patient had a lymph node or distant recurrence. As acute adverse events, grades 2 and 3 dermatitis were observed in 18 patients and 1 patient, and grades 2 and 3 mucositis were observed in 15 patients and 1 patient. As a late adverse event, one patient required tracheotomy because of laryngeal edema occurring.
Accelerated fractionated irradiation may be an option in the radiation therapy of N0 glottic carcinoma because of its ability to shorten the treatment time.

Blackburn et al. show using CT-scanning that the only previously reported \"lungless\" frog retains a glottis and lungs.

UNASSIGNED: Literature suggests a dependency of the acoustic metrics, smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), on human voice loudness and fundamental frequency (F0). Even though this has been explained with different oscillatory patterns of the vocal folds, so far, it has not been specifically investigated. In the present work, the influence of three elicitation levels, calibrated sound pressure level (SPL), F0 and vowel on the electroglottographic (EGG) and time-differentiated EGG (dEGG) metrics hybrid open quotient (OQ), dEGG OQ and peak dEGG, as well as on the acoustic metrics CPPS and HNR, was examined, and their suitability for voice assessment was evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: In a retrospective study, 29 women with a mean age of 25 years (± 8.9, range: 18-53) diagnosed with structural vocal fold pathologies were examined before and after voice therapy or phonosurgery. Both acoustic and EGG signals were recorded simultaneously during the phonation of the sustained vowels /ɑ/, /i/, and /u/ at three elicited levels of loudness (soft/comfortable/loud) and unconstrained F0 conditions.
UNASSIGNED: A linear mixed-model analysis showed a significant effect of elicitation effort levels on peak dEGG, HNR, and CPPS (all p < .01). Calibrated SPL significantly influenced HNR and CPPS (both p < .01). Furthermore, F0 had a significant effect on peak dEGG and CPPS (p < .0001). All metrics showed significant changes with regard to vowel (all p < .05). However, the treatment had no effect on the examined metrics, regardless of the treatment type (surgery vs. voice therapy).
UNASSIGNED: The value of the investigated metrics for voice assessment purposes when sampled without sufficient control of SPL and F0 is limited, in that they are significantly influenced by the phonatory context, be it speech or elicited sustained vowels. Future studies should explore the diagnostic value of new data collation approaches such as voice mapping, which take SPL and F0 effects into account.

Early-stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma refers to Tis-T2 lesions without cervical lymph nodes involvement and distant metastasis. Rosiglitazone facilitates expression of anti-inflammatory substances in the body, protecting immune system and improving patient\'s treatment efficacy and prognosis. We aimed to clarify the influence of rosiglitazone on prognosis of early-stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma. The control group received low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation and the observation group additionally received rosiglitazone; 4 mg, 2 times/day for 6 months. After treatment, the observation group showed reduction in the fundamental frequency perturbation and amplitude perturbation and increase in the harmonic-to-noise ratio relative to the control group. Total effective rate was 80.31% and 77.14% for observation and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Peripheral blood immune makers were higher in the observation group. The incidence rates of adverse reactions were lower in the observation group. The median survival time was 33 months in control group and 47 months in observation group (P < 0.05). The five-year survival rate was 77.14% in the observation group and 54.29% in the control group (P < 0.05). Rosiglitazone can prolong the survival of early-stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma patients, improving immune function and reducing adverse reactions during treatment.

BACKGROUND: No studies have been conducted to define the lengths of the upper airway\'s different segments in normal healthy adults.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the length of the subglottis and extrathoracic trachea and the factors affecting it.
METHODS: This was an observational retrospective review study. Included 102 adult patients who underwent CT scan during the quiet inspiration phase of the upper airway.
RESULTS: The results revealed significant positive linear relationships between height and both anterior and posterior subglottic measurements (p < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant, moderately strong negative correlation between age and extrathoracic tracheal measurements (p > 0.001) was observed. Men exhibited longer anterior (p < 0.001) and posterior (p > 0.001) subglottic measurements. In both sexes, the average length of the anterior subglottis was 14.16 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.72) mm, posterior subglottis was 14.51 (SD: 2.85) mm and extrathoracic trachea was 66.37 (SD: 13.71) mm.
CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a normal healthy adult\'s anterior subglottis length is 6.3-19.3 mm (mean: 14.16 [SD: 2.72] mm), posterior subglottis length is 6.1-20.0 mm (mean: 14.51 [SD: 2.85] mm) and extrathoracic trachea length is 25.2-98.5 mm (mean: 66.37 [SD: 13.71] mm). Age, height and sex affected the upper airway length.

OBJECTIVE: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLMS) and radiotherapy (XRT) are mainstays of treatment for early glottic carcinoma (EGC). Here, we investigated case-dependent provider treatment preferences and identify factors which impact decision-making in EGC.
METHODS: This cross-sectional survey of laryngologists, head-and-neck surgeons, and radiation oncologists presented five diagrammatic cases of progressively advanced EGC (T1/2, N0). Respondents indicated preference for TLMS or XRT and ranked factors which influenced their recommendation for each case. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, Fischer\'s exact tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests for nonparametric data.
RESULTS: A total of 141 complete responses (69.5% laryngologists) were received. Most respondents practiced in academic settings (93.5%) and within multidisciplinary teams (94.0%). Anterior commissure involvement was the most important a priori tumor factor for case-independent treatment recommendation (Likert Scale: 4.22/5), followed by Laterality (Likert Scale: 4.02/5). Across all specialties, TLMS was recommended for unilateral T1a lesions. Laryngologists continued recommending TLMS in T2 lesions (41.0%) more than head-and-neck surgeons (5.0%) and radiation oncologists (0.0%). Across all cases, survival and voice outcomes were the most important clinical factors impacting treatment decisions. Radiation oncologists weighed voice more heavily than laryngologists in more complex presentations of EGC (rank: 1.6 vs. 2.7, Kruskall-Wallis: p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In more complex clinical presentations of EGC, preference for TLMS compared to XRT differed across specialists, despite similar rankings of factors driving these treatment recommendations. This may be driven by differing experiences and viewpoints on case-dependent voice outcomes following TLMS versus XRT, suggesting a need for increased understanding of how tumor location and depth impact voice outcomes.
METHODS: 5 Laryngoscope, 134:3686-3694, 2024.