来自真菌天然来源的生物活性化合物的发现具有开发新型疗法的巨大潜力。本研究调查了土壤传播的青霉和根际居住的黄曲霉的提取物,抗真菌药,和细胞毒性潜力。此外,使用色谱和光谱技术纯化两种化合物。结果表明,黄曲霉的乙酸乙酯部分对盐藻表现出显著的细胞毒活性,而P.notatum的乙酸乙酯部分显示出有希望的抗菌潜力。在10、100和1000µgmL-1的剂量浓度下,A.flavus的乙酸乙酯部分显示死亡率为7.6%,66.4%,90%,分别。苦参提取物的乙酸乙酯部分表现出显著的抗菌活性,对枯草芽孢杆菌形成41、38、34、34和30毫米的抑制区,S.Flexneri,大肠杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,和金黄色葡萄球菌,分别,1000µgmL-1。在这个浓度下,记录到普通疟原虫的抑制区分别为28、27和15毫米,美国伤寒,还有X.稻米.使用生物测定指导的方法,从真菌提取物中分别纯化一种化合物。初始纯化涉及质谱分析,然后使用500MHz核磁共振(NMR)光谱进行结构阐明。化合物1,衍生自黄曲霉,被鉴定为2-羟基-5,6-二甲基-4-氧代环己-2-烯-1-羧酸乙酯,质量为212,而化合物2分离自P.notatum,被鉴定为3-氨基-2-(环戊二烯-2,4-二烯-1-基氨基)-8-甲氧基-4H-色烯-4-酮,精确质量为270。根据生物测定结果,对化合物1进行盐水虾致死性测定,并测试化合物2的抗菌潜力。化合物1在100μgmL-1的浓度下对盐水虾幼虫表现出30%的致死率,而在1000μgmL-1时,死亡率增加到70%。化合物2显示出显著的抗菌潜力,形成针对金黄色葡萄球菌的30、24、19和12毫米的抑制区,大肠杆菌,B.枯草杆菌,还有S.Flexneri,分别。相比之下,标准抗生素四环素在相同浓度下对各自的细菌菌株产生18、18、15和10毫米的抑制区。
The discovery of bioactive compounds from fungal natural sources holds immense potential for the development of novel therapeutics. The present study investigates the extracts of soil-borne Penicillium notatum and rhizosphere-inhabiting Aspergillus flavus for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic potential. Additionally, two compounds were purified using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus exhibited prominent cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum displayed promising antibacterial potential. At dose concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 µg mL-1, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus showed mortality percentages of 7.6%, 66.4%, and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, forming inhibition zones measuring 41, 38, 34, 34, and 30 mm against B. subtilis, S. flexneri, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, respectively, at 1000 µg mL-1. At this concentration, inhibition zones of 28, 27, and 15 mm were recorded for P. vulgaris, S. typhi, and X. oryzae. Using bioassay-guided approach, one compound each was purified from the fungal extracts. The initial purification involved mass spectroscopic analysis, followed by structural elucidation using 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1, derived from A. flavus, was identified as ethyl 2-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate, with a mass of 212, whereas compound 2, isolated from P. notatum, was identified as 3-amino-2-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylamino)-8-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one, with an exact mass of 270. Based on bioassay results, compound 1 was subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and compound 2 was tested for its antibacterial potential. Compound 1 exhibited 30% lethality against brine shrimp larvae at a concentration of 100 µg mL-1, whereas at 1000 µg mL-1 the mortality increased to 70%. Compound 2 displayed notable antibacterial potential, forming inhibition zones of 30, 24, 19, and 12 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. flexneri, respectively. In comparison, the standard antibiotic tetracycline produced inhibition zones of 18, 18, 15, and 10 mm against the respective bacterial strains at the same concentration.