随着食品安全要求的进一步提高,的快速发展,高度敏感,和便携式方法测定食源性有害物质已成为食品工业的新趋势。近年来,基于功能性核酸的生物传感器和平台,以及一系列信号放大设备和方法,已经建立了能够快速和灵敏地测定样品中的特定物质,开辟了分析和检测的新途径。在本文中,功能性核酸类型,包括适体,脱氧核酶,介绍了食品源污染物检测中常用的G-四链体。信号放大元件包括量子点,贵金属纳米颗粒,磁性纳米粒子,DNA步行者,和DNA逻辑门。信号扩增技术包括核酸等温扩增,杂交链反应,催化发夹组件,生物条形码,微流控系统与功能性核酸传感器相结合,应用于多种食源性有害物质的检测,如食源性病原体,霉菌毒素,残留抗生素,残留农药,工业污染物,重金属,和过敏原。最后,讨论了功能核酸生物传感器在食品分析领域的潜在机遇和广阔前景。
With the further improvement of food safety requirements, the development of fast, highly sensitive, and portable methods for the determination of foodborne hazardous substances has become a new trend in the food industry. In recent years, biosensors and platforms based on functional nucleic acids, along with a range of signal amplification devices and methods, have been established to enable rapid and sensitive determination of specific substances in samples, opening up a new avenue of analysis and detection. In this paper, functional nucleic acid types including aptamers, deoxyribozymes, and G-quadruplexes which are commonly used in the detection of food source pollutants are introduced. Signal amplification elements include quantum dots, noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, DNA walkers, and DNA logic gates. Signal amplification technologies including nucleic acid isothermal amplification, hybridization chain reaction, catalytic hairpin assembly, biological barcodes, and microfluidic system are combined with functional nucleic acids sensors and applied to the detection of many foodborne hazardous substances, such as foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, residual antibiotics, residual pesticides, industrial pollutants, heavy metals, and allergens. Finally, the potential opportunities and broad prospects of functional nucleic acids biosensors in the field of food analysis are discussed.