Abstract：
Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their diverse physiological functions. The understanding of their conformational recognition mechanisms has advanced through nucleic acid tailoring strategies and sequence optimization. With the development of the FNA tailoring techniques, they have become a methodological guide for nucleic acid repurposing. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the relationship between FNA tailoring strategies and the development of nucleic acid multifunctionality. This review systematically categorizes eight types of FNA multifunctionality, and introduces the traditional FNA tailoring strategy from five aspects, including deletion, substitution, splitting, fusion and elongation. Based on the current state of FNA modification, a new generation of FNA tailoring strategy, called the high-content tailoring strategy, was unprecedentedly proposed to improve FNA multifunctionality. In addition, the multiple applications of rational tailoring-driven FNA performance enhancement in various fields were comprehensively summarized. The limitations and potential of FNA tailoring and repurposing in the future are also explored in this review. In summary, this review introduces a novel tailoring theory, systematically summarizes eight FNA performance enhancements, and provides a systematic overview of tailoring applications across all categories of FNAs. The high-content tailoring strategy is expected to expand the application scenarios of FNAs in biosensing, biomedicine and materials science, thus promoting the synergistic development of various fields.
摘要：
近年来，功能核酸（FNA）由于其多种生理功能而引起了越来越多的关注。对它们的构象识别机制的理解已经通过核酸定制策略和序列优化来推进。随着FNA剪裁技术的发展,它们已经成为核酸再利用的方法论指南。因此,有必要将FNA剪裁策略与核酸多功能性发展之间的关系系统化。这篇综述系统地分类了八种类型的FNA多功能，从五个方面介绍了传统的FNA剪裁策略,包括删除，替换,分裂,融合和伸长。根据FNA修改的当前状态，新一代FNA剪裁策略，称为高内容剪裁策略，前所未有地提出了改进FNA多功能性的建议。此外,综合总结了合理剪裁驱动的FNA性能提升在各个领域的多重应用。本综述还探讨了FNA剪裁和未来再利用的局限性和潜力。总之,这篇综述介绍了一种新颖的剪裁理论，系统地总结了八个FNA性能增强，并提供了所有类别FNA的定制应用程序的系统概述。高内容剪裁策略有望拓展FNA在生物传感领域的应用场景,生物医学和材料科学，从而促进各个领域的协同发展。
