EFSA和欧洲疾病预防和控制中心的这份报告介绍了2020年在27个欧盟成员国(MS)和9个非MS进行的人畜共患病监测活动的结果。人类人畜共患病和人畜共患病原体的主要统计数据,食物,动物和饲料的历史提供和解释。两个事件影响了2020年MS数据收集和相关统计数据:2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行和英国退出欧盟。2020年,人类中第一和第二多的人畜共患疾病是弯曲杆菌病和沙门氏菌病,分别。从2016年到2020年,欧盟确认的这两种疾病的人类病例趋势稳定(持平)。家禽沙门氏菌控制计划的26份MS报告数据中有14份达到了所有家禽类别的减少目标。主管当局对各种物种尸体进行的沙门氏菌检查结果比食品经营者进行的自我检查更为频繁。对于MS组的肉鸡尸体的弯曲杆菌定量结果也是如此,该MS组提交了来自两个采样器的数据,而总体而言,在欧盟层面,这些百分比是可比的。Yersiniosis是人类第三多的人畜共患疾病,报告的病例比沙门氏菌病少10倍,其次是产志贺毒素的大肠杆菌(STEC)和单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染。由单核细胞增生李斯特菌和西尼罗河病毒感染引起的疾病是最严重的人畜共患疾病,病死率最高。2020年,27例MS报告了3,086例食源性暴发(比2019年下降47.0%)和20,017例人类病例(下降61.3%)。沙门氏菌仍然是食源性暴发的最常见病原体。“鸡蛋和蛋制品”中的沙门氏菌,诺如病毒在甲壳类动物中,贝类,软体动物和含有它们的产品和“鱼类和鱼类产品”中的单核细胞增生李斯特菌是最受关注的试剂/食物对。本报告还提供了由于牛分枝杆菌或牛分枝杆菌引起的结核病的最新情况,布鲁氏菌,旋毛虫,棘球蚴,弓形虫,狂犬病,伯氏柯西氏菌(Q热)和图拉血症。
This report of the EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2020 in 27 EU Member States (MS) and nine non-MS. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically. Two events impacted 2020 MS data collection and related statistics: the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU. In 2020, the first and second most reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively. The EU trend for confirmed human cases of these two diseases was stable (flat) from 2016 to 2020. Fourteen of the 26 MS reporting data on Salmonella control programmes in poultry met the reduction targets for all poultry categories. Salmonella results for carcases of various species performed by competent authorities were more frequently positive than own-checks conducted by food business operators. This was also the case for Campylobacter quantification results from broiler carcases for the MS group that submitted data from both samplers, whereas overall at EU level, those percentages were comparable. Yersiniosis was the third most reported zoonosis in humans, with 10-fold less cases reported than salmonellosis, followed by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes infections. Illnesses caused by L. monocytogenes and West Nile virus infections were the most severe zoonotic diseases with the highest case fatality. In 2020, 27 MS reported 3,086 foodborne outbreaks (a 47.0% decrease from 2019) and 20,017 human cases (a 61.3% decrease). Salmonella remained the most frequently reported causative agent for foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella in \'eggs and egg products\', norovirus in \'crustaceans, shellfish, molluscs and products containing them\' and L. monocytogenes in \'fish and fish products\' were the agent/food pairs of most concern. This report also provides updates on tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and tularaemia.