背景:需要用于猫的有效免疫治疗剂,以帮助控制顽固性病毒性疾病,包括猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)感染。这项研究的目的是比较两种不同的免疫刺激剂在猫中的抗病毒活性:(1)TLR2/6激活化合物聚异戊二烯基免疫刺激剂;(PI)和(2)脂质体Toll样受体3/9激动剂复合物(LTC),以确定刺激I型诱导的相对能力(IFN-α,IFN-β)和II型(IFN-γ)干扰素的体外免疫反应,并研究治疗对健康猫免疫反应的影响。
方法:使用来自健康猫的外周血单核细胞(PBMC),使用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应测定和ELISA测定,用指定浓度的LTC和PI孵育,评价对PI和LTC的细胞因子和细胞免疫应答。使用猫巨噬细胞系(fcwf-4)评估免疫刺激剂对抑制FIPV复制的作用。在用PI和LTC治疗的健康猫的血液样品中评估了对PI和LTC的细胞因子和细胞免疫反应。使用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和ELISA测定。
结果:在体外研究中,两种化合物都触发了IFN-α的上调表达,IFN-γ,和猫PBMC中的IL-1β基因,而在第1天用LTC治疗诱导IFN-α和IFN-γ的表达显著增加,在第3天诱导IL-1b的表达显著增加。当用来自LTC激活的白细胞的条件培养基处理fcwf-4细胞时,存在对FIPV诱导的细胞病变效应的显著保护。在健康的猫研究(体内),PI和LTC都增加了IFN-α的mRNA信号,IFN-γ,和IL-1β在多个时间点高于基线,LTC组在第1天有统计学上更大的增加(IFN-α,IFN-γ)或第3天(IL-1β)。此外,在用LTC处理的猫中,RANTES随时间增加。
结论:LTC和PI方案均可诱导免疫增强作用,提示可能的临床用途用于治疗慢性传染病,如FIP。与TLR2和6途径(PI)的激活相比,激活TLR3和9途径(LTC)在体外诱导了更广泛的干扰素产生。
BACKGROUND: Effective immunotherapeutic agents for use in cats are needed to aid in the management of intractable viral diseases, including feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection. The objectives of this study were to compare two different immune stimulants for antiviral activity in cats: (1) TLR 2/6-activating compound polyprenyl immunostimulant; (PI) and (2) liposome Toll-like receptor 3/9 agonist complexes (LTCs) to determine relative abilities to stimulate the induction of type I (IFN-α, IFN-β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferon immune responses in vitro and to study the effects of treatment on immune responses in healthy cats.
METHODS: Cytokine and cellular immune responses to PI and LTC were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy cats incubated with LTC and PI at indicated concentrations using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays and ELISA assays. The effects of the immune stimulants on inhibiting FIPV replication were assessed using a feline macrophage cell line (fcwf-4). Cytokine and cellular immune responses to PI and LTC were evaluated in blood samples from healthy cats treated with PI and LTC, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA assays.
RESULTS: In the in vitro studies, both compounds triggered the upregulated expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β genes in cat PBMC, whereas treatment with LTC induced significantly greater expression of IFN-α and IFN-γ on Day 1 and IL-1b on Day 3. There was significant protection from FIPV-induced cytopathic effects when fcwf-4 cells were treated with conditioned medium from LTC-activated leukocytes. In the healthy cat study (in vivo), both PI and LTC increased the mRNA signal for IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β above baseline at multiple time points with statistically greater increases in the LTC group on either Day 1 (IFN-α, IFN-γ) or Day 3 (IL-1β). In addition, RANTES increased over time in cats treated with the LTC.
CONCLUSIONS: Both LTC and PI protocols induced immune-enhancing effects, suggesting a possible clinical use for the management of chronic infectious diseases like FIP. Activating the TLR 3 and 9 pathways (LTC) induced superior broad interferon production in vitro than the activation of the TLR 2 and 6 pathways (PI).