在全球变暖的背景下,探索干旱地区极端气候对全球气候变化的响应尤为重要。基于每日温度(最高,minimum,和平均值)和新疆气象站的降水数据,中国,结合薄板平滑样条函数插值,分析了极端温度和极端降水事件的时空特征,森\的斜坡,和Mann-Kendall测试.我们的结果表明,在1960-2019年期间,霜冻日的极端低温指数(FD),结冰日(ID),寒冷的日子(TX10p),寒冷的夜晚(TN10p),冷速持续指数(CSDI)均呈现不同程度的下降趋势,和夏季极端高温指数(SD25),温暖的日子(TX90p),温暖的夜晚(TN90p),和暖速持续指数(WSDI)都有不同程度的上升趋势,高海拔山区的极端低温指数下降幅度大于盆地和平原。此外,各极端气温指数均与新疆年平均气温密切相关(R>0.6)。在极端降水指数中,除连续干燥日(CDD)外,其他极端降水指数均有不同程度的上升趋势,但新疆极端降水的变化主要表现为短时间内强降水的增加(强降水和极端强降水的增加幅度最大,44.8mm/10a和17.6mm/10a,分别)和空间集中在新疆北部的伊犁河和阿尔泰山。同时,年降水量与极端降水指数呈正相关(R>0.4),除了CDD.该研究为旱区自然灾害的防治提供了理论支持。
Under the global warming, it is particularly important to explore the response of extreme climate to global climate change over the arid regions. Based on daily temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) and precipitation data from meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme temperature and extreme precipitation events via combining thin plate smoothing spline function interpolation, Sen\'s slope, and Mann-Kendall test. Our results showed that during 1960-2019, the extreme low temperature index of frost days (FD), icing days (ID), cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold speel duration index (CSDI) all showed the downward trend to varying degrees, and the extreme high temperature index of summer days (SD25), warm days (TX90p), warm night (TN90p), and warm speel duration index (WSDI) all showed an upward trend to varying degrees, and the extreme low temperature index of high altitude mountains decreases more than that of the basin and plains. In addition, all the extreme temperature indices are closely related to the annual average temperature in Xinjiang (R > 0.6). Among the extreme precipitation indices, except for the consecutive dry days (CDD), the other extreme precipitation indices showed increasing trends to different degrees, but the changes in extreme precipitation in Xinjiang were mainly manifested by the increase of heavy precipitation in a short period (the increase of heavy precipitation and extreme heavy precipitation was the largest, 44.8 mm/10a and 17.6 mm/10a, respectively) and spatially concentrated in the Ili River and Altai Mountains in northern Xinjiang. Meanwhile, annual precipitation was positively correlated with the extreme precipitation index (R > 0.4), except for the CDD. This study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of natural disasters in the dry zone.