为了评估奥克兰实施的含糖饮料(SSB)税的影响,加州,2017年7月,对快餐店出售的饮料价格进行2年税后。
使用差异差异(DID)方法,我们分析了从奥克兰(干预网站)和萨克拉曼多的快餐店1个月税前和2年税后收集的饮料价格数据,加州(比较网站)。用单独的线性回归模型估计了税收对瓶装普通汽水价格的影响,瓶装无糖汽水,瓶装不加糖饮料和喷泉饮料。
奥克兰和萨克拉门托,加州,美国。
连锁和非连锁快餐店(n85)。
DID估计表明,在快餐店,平均而言,瓶装普通苏打水价格上涨1·44美分/盎司(95%CI0·50,2·73)(税收转嫁率为144%),瓶装无糖苏打水价格上涨1·17美分/盎司(95%CI0·07,2·13)。瓶装普通汽水和无糖汽水价格上涨之间没有统计学上的显着差异。不加糖饮料和喷泉饮料的价格影响没有统计学意义。Further,喷泉饮料的估计价格变化几乎为零。
研究结果表明,在奥克兰的快餐店中,SSB税在阻止SSB消费方面的有效性可能受到限制,加州,因为加税和免税瓶装苏打水的价格上涨相似,喷泉饮料的价格没有变化。
To evaluate the effect of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax implemented in Oakland, California, in July 2017, on prices of beverages sold in fast-food restaurants 2-year post-tax.
Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we analysed beverage price data collected from fast-food restaurants 1-month pre-tax and 2-year post-tax in Oakland (intervention site) and Sacramento, California (comparison site). Separate linear regression models were used to estimate the impact of the tax on prices of bottled regular soda, bottled diet soda, bottled unsweetened beverages and fountain drinks.
Oakland and Sacramento, California, USA.
Chain and non-chain fast-food restaurants (n 85).
DID estimates indicate that in fast-food restaurants, on average, the price of bottled regular soda increased by 1·44 cents/oz (95 % CI 0·50, 2·73) (tax pass-through rate of 144 %) and the price of bottled diet soda increased by 1·17 cents/oz (95 % CI 0·07, 2·13). No statistically significant differences were found between bottled regular and diet soda price increases. Price effects for unsweetened beverages and fountain drinks were not statistically significant. Further, the estimated price change for fountain drinks was nearly zero.
Findings suggest that the effectiveness of SSB taxes in discouraging SSB consumption may be limited in fast-food restaurants in Oakland, California, because there were similar price increases in taxed and untaxed bottled soda and no changes in fountain drink prices.