虽然在调查海洋以了解微生物和病毒群落方面取得了进展,沿海海洋,具体来说,河口水域,在人为活动影响最大的地方,部分研究不足。巴塔哥尼亚北部的沿海水域引起了人们的兴趣,因为该地区经历了高密度的鲑鱼养殖以及其他干扰,例如人员和货物的海上运输。这里,我们假设Comau峡湾的病毒和微生物群落与全球调查中收集的不同,但仍具有沿海和温带地区微生物的独特特征.我们进一步假设,微生物群落将在功能上富集抗生素抗性基因(ARG),尤其是与鲑鱼养殖有关的基因。这里,对三个地表水点获得的宏基因组和病毒体的分析表明,与塔拉海洋等全球调查相比,微生物群落的结构截然不同。尽管它们的组成与属于变形杆菌的世界性海洋微生物的组成趋同,拟杆菌,和放线菌.同样,病毒群落在结构和组成上也存在差异,但与来自北美和南部海洋的已知病毒成员相匹配。微生物群落在功能上富集在以β-内酰胺和四环素为主的ARGs中,杆菌肽,和大环内酯-林可沙胺-链脲酶(MLS)组,但与南大西洋的其他社区没有区别,南太平洋,和南大洋。同样,病毒群落的特征是表现出类似于全球描述的蛋白质簇(TaraOceansVirome);然而,Comau峡湾病毒体的蛋白质含量显示出高达50%的独特性。总之,我们的结果表明,科马峡湾的微生物和病毒群落是未开发的多样性的水库,鉴于该地区的人为影响越来越大,他们需要进一步研究,特别是关于抗微生物剂和碳氢化合物的弹性和抗性。
While progress has been made in surveying the oceans to understand microbial and viral communities, the coastal ocean and, specifically, estuarine waters, where the effects of anthropogenic activity are greatest, remain partially understudied. The coastal waters of Northern Patagonia are of interest since this region experiences high-density salmon farming as well as other disturbances such as maritime transport of humans and cargo. Here, we hypothesized that viral and microbial communities from the Comau Fjord would be distinct from those collected in global surveys yet would have the distinctive features of microbes from coastal and temperate regions. We further hypothesized that microbial communities will be functionally enriched in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in general and in those related to salmon farming in particular. Here, the analysis of metagenomes and viromes obtained for three surface water sites showed that the structure of the microbial communities was distinct in comparison to global surveys such as the Tara Ocean, though their composition converges with that of cosmopolitan marine microbes belonging to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Similarly, viral communities were also divergent in structure and composition but matched known viral members from North America and the southern oceans. Microbial communities were functionally enriched in ARGs dominated by beta-lactams and tetracyclines, bacitracin, and the group macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) but were not different from other communities from the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Similarly, viral communities were characterized by exhibiting protein clusters similar to those described globally (Tara Oceans Virome); however, Comau Fjord viromes displayed up to 50% uniqueness in their protein content. Altogether, our results indicate that microbial and viral communities from the Comau Fjord are a reservoir of untapped diversity and that, given the increasing anthropogenic impacts in the region, they warrant further study, specifically regarding resilience and resistance against antimicrobials and hydrocarbons.