背景:脱壳和分裂是从脉冲产生dhal的铣削过程的重要元素。然而,由于紧密粘附的种皮或子叶抵抗分离而难以研磨的谷物,因此难以获得高质量的dhal。铣削产量降低,铣削过程的能量输入增加,由此产生的dhal可能质量较差,碎裂或磨损。
结果:基于先前建立的假设的种皮和子叶粘附机制,选择了八种酶预处理。使用难以研磨的鹰嘴豆(CicerarietinumL.)基因型,我们检查了这些预处理的效果,随着时间的推移,实验室规模的铣削性能和dhal质量。我们开创了一种纹理分析仪方法来测量子叶的弯曲和切割子叶所需的力。酶诱导的变化范围从阴性(坚韧的种皮,减肥,有害的颜色和质地,子叶的视觉损伤增加,粗粒损失增加,凹子叶,增加Flex,和味道的变化)到阳性(脆弱的种皮,增加种子体积,提高了脱壳效率和分裂产量,子叶分裂力降低,和可接受的dhal质量和味道)。
结论:与碾磨生种子相比,所有预处理都提高了碾磨性能,尽管它们之间有很大的差异。与水对照相比,两种预处理没有显示出碾磨产量的改善。和几个预处理导致不可接受的质量。三个预处理,内聚半乳糖醛酸酶,α-半乳糖苷酶和纤维素酶,显示商业铣削应用的潜力,可以帮助脉冲磨粉机在全球范围内实现高质量的dhal,同时最大限度地减少铣削工作。©2021年化学工业学会。
BACKGROUND: Dehulling and splitting are important elements of the milling process to produce dhal from pulses. However, grain that is difficult-to-mill because of tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation makes it difficult to achieve high quality dhal. Milling yields are reduced, energy inputs into the milling process are increased, and the resulting dhal can be of poorer quality, chipped or abraded.
RESULTS: Eight enzyme pre-treatments were chosen based on the hypothesised mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion established previously. Using a difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype, we examined the effects of these pre-treatments, over time, on laboratory-scale milling performance and dhal quality. We pioneered a texture analyser method to measure the flex of the cotyledons and the force required to cleave the cotyledons. The enzyme-induced changes ranged from negative (tough seed coat, weight loss, deleterious colour and texture, increased visual damage to cotyledons and increased kibble loss, concave cotyledons, increased flex, and changes in taste) to positive (brittle seed coat, increased seed volume, improved dehulling efficiency and splitting yield, reduced cotyledon cleavage force, and acceptable dhal quality and taste).
CONCLUSIONS: All pre-treatments improved milling performance compared to milling the raw seed, although there was considerable variation between them. Two pre-treatments showed no improvement in milling yields compared to the water control, and several pre-treatments resulted in unacceptable qualities. Three pre-treatments, endo-polygalacturonanase, α-galactosidase and cellulase, show potential for commercial milling applications and could assist pulse millers globally to achieve high quality dhal at the same time as minimising milling effort. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.