药物和滥用药物是全球地表水和地下水中正在引起关注的有机微污染物。这些化合物被认为是假持久性的,因为它们会连续释放到水系统中。这些化合物在环境中以任何浓度存在都会对非目标生物构成潜在风险。这些污染物的主要来源是废水处理厂(WWTP)和联合下水道溢流(CSO)。我们研究的主要目标是确定和量化一组28种常用处方药(改变情绪的药物,心血管药物,抗酸剂,抗生素)和高患病率滥用药物(可卡因,安非他明,阿片类药物,大麻)从纽约市哈德逊河和东河的19个地点收集的河水样本中。第二个目标是调查这些微污染物的可能来源(WWTP或CSO)。从2021年5月至8月(n=224)和2022年5月至8月(n=232)每周收集样本,并置于-20°C直至通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析。2021年最常见的分析物是美托洛尔(n=206,92%),苯甲酰基野果宁(n=151,67%),阿替洛尔(n=142,63%),和甲基苯丙胺(n=118,53%),2022年最常见的是甲基苯丙胺(n=194,84%),阿替洛尔(n=177,76%),美托洛尔(n=177,76%),和2-亚乙基-1,5-二甲基-3,3-二苯基吡咯烷(n=159,69%)。测得的浓度范围从检测限(0.50-5.00ng/L)到103ng/L。在被肠球菌污染的水中(最可能的数量>60)和降雨后,检测到更多的药物和更高的浓度,表明了民间社会组织的影响。样品中的药物很少甚至没有肠球菌,并且在干燥的天气事件之后,表明WWTP有助于这些物质在河流中的存在,可能是由于去除率低。环境毒物化学2024;00:1-12。©2024SETAC。
Pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse are organic micropollutants of emerging concern in both surface and groundwater worldwide. These compounds are considered to be pseudo-persistent because of their continuous release into water systems. The presence of these compounds in the environment at any concentration poses a potential risk to nontarget organisms. The main sources of these contaminants are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The primary goal of our study was to identify and quantify a panel of 28 commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals (mood-altering drugs, cardiovascular drugs, antacids, antibiotics) and high-prevalence drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, cannabis) in river water samples collected from 19 locations in the Hudson and East rivers in New York City. The second goal was to investigate the possible source (WWTP or CSOs) of these micropollutants. Samples were collected weekly from May to August 2021 (n = 224) and May to August 2022 (n = 232), and placed at -20 °C until analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected analytes in 2021 were metoprolol (n = 206, 92%), benzoylecgonine (n = 151, 67%), atenolol (n = 142, 63%), and methamphetamine (n = 118, 53%), and in 2022 the most frequently detected were methamphetamine (n = 194, 84%), atenolol (n = 177, 76%), metoprolol (n = 177, 76%), and 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (n = 159, 69%). Measured concentrations ranged from the limit of detection (0.50-5.00 ng/L) to 103 ng/L. More drugs and higher concentrations were detected in water contaminated by Enterococci (>60 most probably number) and after rainfall, indicating the influence of CSOs. The presence of drugs in samples with little to no Enterococci and after dry weather events indicates that WWTPs contribute to the presence of these substances in the river, probably due to a low removal rate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1592-1603. © 2024 SETAC.