Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, and immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted role of adiponectin, a predominant adipokine released by AT, in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. We explore the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin, its physiological effects and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve metabolic health. Our comprehensive review provides insights into the critical functions of adiponectin and its importance in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis.

OBJECTIVE: Only a few case reports have described heterotopic ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) with the only objective of restoring ovarian function.
METHODS: Case report and review of the literature for reporting cases of heterotopic OTT with the only aim of restoring ovarian endocrine function. In a cancer survivor woman with a history of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for cervical cancer and because she poorly tolerated hormone replacement therapy (HRT), we performed a heterotopic OTT in a pelvic subcutaneous \"pocket\" after an OT cryostorage of 17 years.
RESULTS: A cyclic ovarian endocrine function started 3 months after OTT with an immediate patient self-described improvement of her quality of life. A second OTT was performed 19 months after, due to hot flushes recurrence and FSH increase. Despite a cyclic endocrine function, progesterone levels have always been low, resulting in a relative hyperoestrogenism state.
CONCLUSIONS: In the future, the indications of heterotopic OTT could be spread in alternative to HRT. However, our data suggest that the heterotopic graft environment is less favorable to corpus luteum development, and further studies are needed to assay the best site of heterotopic graft, the optimal number of ovarian cortex fragments to graft, and the potential risk of relapse in case of malignant residual disease.

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the association of Life\'s Essential 8 (LE8) and its subscales with male biochemical androgen deficiency (MBAD) and total testosterone based on the data from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) database.
UNASSIGNED: Data of males aged 20 years or older from NHANES of 2013-2016 were extracted. LE8 score was calculated based on American Heart Association definitions. Total testosterone (TT) values were measured in NHANES using precise isotope dilution liquid chromatography. MBAD was defined as serum TT of <300 ng/dL. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) and weighted regression after matching were added as sensitivity analyses. The generalized additive model, smooth curve fitting, and the recursive algorithm were used to determine the potential inflection points. Piecewise regression models with log-likelihood ratio test were used to quantify nonlinear effects.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 3094 participants who were males and aged 20 years or above were included. Out of them, 805 males were diagnosed with MBAD. After adjusting the confounders in the multivariable model, LE8 was independently associated with MBAD (OR 0.96, P < 0.001) and TT (β 2.7, P < 0.001). The association remained robust even after PSM. The non-linear relationship of LE8 behaviors score with MBAD and TT was revealed.
UNASSIGNED: LE8 was an independent protective factor of MBAD and a feasible approach to promote male endocrine sexual function.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the introduction of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-s) in 2014, there is evidence to suggest that male endurance athletes still present with a high prevalence of low energy availability (LEA). Previous findings suggest that energy availability (EA) status is strongly correlated with impairments in endocrine function such as reduced leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), and insulin, and elevated bone loss. This study aimed to report the current EA status, endocrine function and bone health of highly trained Irish male endurance athletes.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, participants (n = 3 triathletes; n = 10 runners) completed a 7-day testing period during the competition season using lab-based measures, to ascertain EA status, hormone level and rates of bone metabolism. Serum blood samples were obtained to assess hormone levels and markers of bone metabolism.
RESULTS: Mean EA was < 30 kcal/kg lean body mass (LBM)/day in 76.9% of athletes. There was a strong association between LEA and low carbohydrate intake, and lower LBM. Mean levels of insulin, IGF-1 and leptin were significantly lower than their reference ranges. Elevated mean concentrations of β-CTX and a mean P1NP: β-CTX ratio < 100, indicated a state of bone resorption.
CONCLUSIONS: The EA level, carbohydrate intake, hormone status and bone metabolism status of highly trained male endurance athletes are a concern. Based on the findings of this study, more frequent assessment of EA across a season is recommended to monitor the status of male endurance athletes, in conjunction with nutritional education specific to EA and the associated risks.

Effects of different winter paddock management of Thoroughbred weanlings and yearlings in Hokkaido, Japan, which is extremely cold in winter, on physiological function, endocrine function and growth were investigated. They were divided into two groups; those kept outdoors for 22 hr in the paddock (22hr group) and those kept outdoors for 7 hr in daytime with walking exercise for 1 hr using the horse-walker (7hr+W group), and the changes in daily distance travelled, body temperature (BT), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), endocrine function and growth parameters were compared between the two groups from November at the year of birth to January at 1 year of age. The 7hr+W group could travel almost the same distance as the 22hr group by using the horse-walker. The 22hr group had a lower rate of increase in body weight than the 7hr+W group in January. In addition, lower in BT and HR were observed, and HRV analysis showed an increase in high frequency power spectral density, indicating that parasympathetic nervous activity was dominant. And also, changes in circulating cortisol and thyroxine were not observed despite cold environment. On the other hand, the 7hr+W group had higher prolactin and insulin like growth factor than the 22hr group in January, and cortisol and thyroxine were also increased. Physiological and endocrinological findings from the present study indicate that the management of the 7hr+W group is effective in promoting growth and maintaining metabolism during the winter season.

Sleep deprivation has become increasingly prevalent in contemporary society, and the consequences of this reality such as cognitive impairment and metabolic disorders, are widely investigated in the scientific scenario. However, the impact of sleep deprivation on the health of future generations is a challenge, and researchers are focusing their attention on this issue. Thus, this review aims to describe the impact of sleep deprivation in early life in animal models, particularly rodents, discussing the molecular physiology impacted by prolonged wakefulness in early life, as well as the changes that interfere with neurodevelopmental processes. Additionally, it explores the changes impacting metabolic mechanisms and discusses both the short- and long-term consequences of these processes on endocrine, behavioral, and cognitive functions. Finally, we briefly address some strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep deprivation.

UNASSIGNED: To explore the comparative effectiveness of nutritional supplements in improving glycolipid metabolism and endocrine function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
UNASSIGNED: Randomized controlled clinical trials on the effects of nutritional supplements in PCOS patients were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their establishments to March 15, 2023. Then, literature screening, data extraction, and network meta-analysis were performed. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD 42023441257).
UNASSIGNED: Forty-one articles involving 2,362 patients were included in this study. The network meta-analysis showed that carnitine, inositol, and probiotics reduced body weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to placebo, and carnitine outperformed the other supplements (SUCRAs: 96.04%, 97.73%, respectively). Omega-3 lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SUCRAs: 93.53%), and chromium reduced fasting insulin (FINS) (SUCRAs: 72.90%); both were superior to placebo in improving insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and chromium was more effective than Omega-3 (SUCRAs: 79.99%). Selenium was potent in raising the quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) (SUCRAs: 87.92%). Coenzyme Q10 was the most effective in reducing triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (SUCRAs: 87.71%, 98.78%, and 98.70%, respectively). Chromium and probiotics decreased TG levels, while chromium and vitamin D decreased TC levels. No significant differences were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) between nutritional supplements and placebo.
UNASSIGNED: Carnitine was relatively effective in reducing body mass, while chromium, Omega-3, and selenium were beneficial for improving glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, coenzyme Q10 was more efficacious for improving lipid metabolism. However, publication bias may exist, and more high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are needed.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic middle pancreatectomy in the treatment of benign and junctional tumors of the pancreas.
UNASSIGNED: Retrospective analysis of basic data, tumor diameter, statistical analysis, and evaluation of efficacy-related indicators such as operative time, intraoperative bleeding, pathological findings, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pancreatic fistula incidence, and pancreatic endocrine function was carried out on 17 patients diagnosed with benign or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreas and laparoscopic middle pancreatic resection from January 2018 to January 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 17 patients were screened. There were eight males and nine females; mean age was 42.8 ± 17.4 years (range: 15-69 years); BMI was 22.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2 (range: 18.4-27.5 kg/m2), and the tumor size was 3.4 ± 1.2 cm (range: 1.5-5.5 cm). Preoperative glycan antigen CA19-9 was negative and CA125 was negative. Surgical time was 393.2 ± 57.9 min; intraoperative bleeding was 211.7 ± 113.9 ml; tumor diameter size was 3.4 ± 1.2 cm; postoperative admission time was 19.4 ± 7.6 days; postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grading was 17 cases, including nine cases of A-grade fistula, three cases of B-grade fistula, and none of C-grade fistula; postoperative pathology results were five cases of plasmacytoma, three cases of mucinous cystadenoma, four cases of SPN (solid pseudopapillary neoplasm), one case of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN), three cases of pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (pNEN), one case of inflammatory myofibroblastic osteoblastoma. All cases did not develop pancreatic origin diabetes or exacerbation of previous diabetes, and no cases presented symptoms of exocrine insufficiency such as dyspepsia and diarrhea.
UNASSIGNED: Laparoscopic middle pancreatectomy is safe and feasible in the treatment of benign or low-grade malignant tumors in the body of the pancreatic neck and is not accompanied by increased risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications and endocrine dysfunction of the pancreas.

Bisphenols (BPs) have become a chemical group of special interest due to their ability to interfere with the endocrine system and their ubiquitous presence in the environment. As some of them possess mild estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects, they might be associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acting on multiple tissues, BPs exposure may lead to metabolic derangements characteristic for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between exposure to some BPA analogues and features of the MetS in women with PCOS. Serum BPE, BPC, BPG, BPM, BPP, BPZ, BPFL, and BPBP concentrations did not differ significantly between the PCOS (n = 135) and the control subjects (n = 104). However, women whose serum BPM and BPP concentrations were in the highest tertile were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS (adjusted OR; [95%CI] 0.43; [0.20; 0.89], P < 0.001 and 0.56; [0.27; 0.96], P = 0.049, consequently). Serum concentrations of BPs were not associated with the MetS diagnosis in the PCOS group. There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of serum BPBP and total serum cholesterol (r = - 0.153; P = 0.019), BPE and serum testosterone (r = - 0.160; P = 0.014) as well as BPC and HDL-cholesterol (r = - 0.138; P = 0.036). There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of BPP and serum triglycerides (r = 0.138; P = 0.036). Our results point to the potential association between exposure to BPM, BPP, and the diagnosis of PCOS, along with the impact of BPBP, BPE, BPC, and BPP on the metabolic features of the MetS.

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