■ELEKT-D:治疗性抑郁症(TRD)患者的电惊厥治疗(ECT)与氯胺酮(ELEKT-D)试验证明,静脉内氯胺酮与ECT对非精神病性TRD的非劣效性。可以指导氯胺酮与ECT选择的临床特征可以为TRD患者提供共同的决策。
■评估选择的临床特征是否与氯胺酮与ECT的差异改善相关。
■这项对开放标签非劣效性随机临床试验的二次分析是一项多中心研究,于2017年4月7日至2022年11月11日在美国5个学术医学中心进行。这项研究的分析,试验方案中没有预先指定的,于2023年5月10日至10月31日进行。研究队列包括TRD患者,年龄21至75岁,他们目前处于至少中等严重程度的非精神病性抑郁发作,并被临床医生转介接受ECT治疗。
■符合条件的参与者在3周内1:1随机接受6次氯胺酮输注或9次ECT治疗。
■基线因素之间的关联(包括抑郁症状自我报告的16项快速清单[QIDS-SR16],蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁量表[MADRS],病前情报,认知功能,自杀未遂史,以及住院患者与门诊状态)和治疗反应通过重复测量混合效应模型分析进行评估。
■在本研究纳入的365名参与者中(平均[SD]年龄,46.0[14.5]年;191[52.3%]女性),195个被随机分配到氯胺酮组,170个被随机分配到ECT组。在重复测量混合效应模型中,使用3周内和错误发现率调整后的抑郁水平,基线QIDS-SR16评分为20分或更低(-7.7分vs-5.6分)的参与者和作为门诊患者开始治疗的参与者(-8.4分vs-6.2分)报告,氯胺酮与ECT相比,QIDS-SR16下降更大.相反,基线QIDS-SR16得分超过20的人(即,非常严重的抑郁症)并开始治疗,因为住院患者在ECT治疗过程中早期报告QIDS-SR16的降低更大(-8.4vs-6.7分),但在治疗结束时,两组的评分相似(-9.0分vs-9.9分).仅在ECT组中,病前智力测量得分较高(-14.0vs-11.2分)和创伤后应激障碍诊断合并症(-16.6vs-12.0分)的参与者报告MADRS评分降低幅度更大.在第二周的治疗中,记忆记忆障碍患者的MADRS降低更大(-13.4vs-9.6分),但MADRS的水平与治疗结束时召回未受损的患者相似(-14.3vs-12.2分).其他结果在错误发现率调整后并不显著。
■在ELEKT-DECT与氯胺酮的随机临床试验的二次分析中,在患有中度或重度抑郁症的非精神病性TRD门诊患者中,静脉注射氯胺酮可观察到抑郁症的改善。提示这些患者可能会考虑氯胺酮而不是ECT治疗TRD。
UNASSIGNED: The ELEKT-D: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) vs Ketamine in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) (ELEKT-D) trial demonstrated noninferiority of intravenous ketamine vs ECT for nonpsychotic TRD. Clinical features that can guide selection of ketamine vs ECT may inform shared decision-making for patients with TRD.
UNASSIGNED: To evaluate whether selected clinical features were associated with differential improvement with ketamine vs ECT.
UNASSIGNED: This secondary analysis of an open-label noninferiority randomized clinical trial was a multicenter study conducted at 5 US academic medical centers from April 7, 2017, to November 11, 2022. Analyses for this study, which were not prespecified in the trial protocol, were conducted from May 10 to Oct 31, 2023. The study cohort included patients with TRD, aged 21 to 75 years, who were in a current nonpsychotic depressive episode of at least moderate severity and were referred for ECT by their clinicians.
UNASSIGNED: Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either 6 infusions of ketamine or 9 treatments with ECT over 3 weeks.
UNASSIGNED: Association between baseline factors (including 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report [QIDS-SR16], Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], premorbid intelligence, cognitive function, history of attempted suicide, and inpatient vs outpatient status) and treatment response were assessed with repeated measures mixed-effects model analyses.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 365 participants included in this study (mean [SD] age, 46.0 [14.5] years; 191 [52.3%] female), 195 were randomized to the ketamine group and 170 to the ECT group. In repeated measures mixed-effects models using depression levels over 3 weeks and after false discovery rate adjustment, participants with a baseline QIDS-SR16 score of 20 or less (-7.7 vs -5.6 points) and those starting treatment as outpatients (-8.4 vs -6.2 points) reported greater reduction in the QIDS-SR16 with ketamine vs ECT. Conversely, those with a baseline QIDS-SR16 score of more than 20 (ie, very severe depression) and starting treatment as inpatients reported greater reduction in the QIDS-SR16 earlier in course of treatment (-8.4 vs -6.7 points) with ECT, but scores were similar in both groups at the end-of-treatment visit (-9.0 vs -9.9 points). In the ECT group only, participants with higher scores on measures of premorbid intelligence (-14.0 vs -11.2 points) and with a comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis (-16.6 vs -12.0 points) reported greater reduction in the MADRS score. Those with impaired memory recall had greater reduction in MADRS during the second week of treatment (-13.4 vs -9.6 points), but the levels of MADRS were similar to those with unimpaired recall at the end-of-treatment visit (-14.3 vs -12.2 points). Other results were not significant after false discovery rate adjustment.
UNASSIGNED: In this secondary analysis of the ELEKT-D randomized clinical trial of ECT vs ketamine, greater improvement in depression was observed with intravenous ketamine among outpatients with nonpsychotic TRD who had moderately severe or severe depression, suggesting that these patients may consider ketamine over ECT for TRD.