来自纸张的纤维素总量,木头,食物,欧盟每年产生的其他人类活动废物约为9亿吨。这种资源代表了生产可再生化学品和能源的巨大机会。本文报告,在文学中前所未有的,四种不同的城市垃圾的使用,如烟头,卫生裤尿布,报纸,和大豆皮作为纤维素字体,以生产有价值的工业中间体,如乙酰丙酸(LA),5-乙酰氧基甲基-2-糠醛(AMF),5-(羟甲基)糠醛(HMF),还有糠醛.该过程是通过使用布朗斯台德和路易斯酸催化剂如CH3COOH(2.5-5.7M)对纤维素废物进行水热处理来完成的。H3PO4(15%),和Sc(OTf)3(20%w:w),从而获得HMF(22%),AMF(38%),洛杉矶(25-46%),和糠醛(22%)具有良好的选择性,并且在相对温和的条件下(T=200°C,时间=2小时)。这些最终产品可用于多个化学领域,例如,作为溶剂,燃料,并作为单体前体的新材料。通过FTIR和LCSM分析完成基质的表征,证明形态对反应性的影响。低e-factor值和容易扩大使这个协议适用于工业应用。
The total amount of cellulose from paper, wood, food, and other human activity waste produced in the EU is in the order of 900 million tons per year. This resource represents a sizable opportunity to produce renewable chemicals and energy. This paper reports, unprecedently in the literature, the usage of four different urban wastes such as cigarette butts, sanitary pant diapers, newspapers, and soybean peels as cellulose fonts to produce valuable industrial intermediates such as levulinic acid (LA), 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (AMF), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), and furfural. The process is accomplished by the hydrothermal treatment of cellulosic waste using both Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts such as CH3COOH (2.5-5.7 M), H3PO4 (15%), and Sc(OTf)3 (20% w:w), thus obtaining HMF (22%), AMF (38%), LA (25-46%), and furfural (22%) with good selectivity and under relatively mild conditions (T = 200 °C, time = 2 h). These final products can be employed in several chemical sectors, for example, as solvents, fuels, and for new materials as a monomer precursor. The characterization of matrices was accomplished by FTIR and LCSM analyses, demonstrating the influence of morphology on reactivity. The low e-factor values and the easy scale up render this protocol suitable for industrial applications.